Cotti Chad, Dunn Richard A, Tefft Nathan
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; Department of Economics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; Department of Economics, College of Business, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA.
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Economics, College of Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2014 May;108:201-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Mar 3.
Motor vehicle crashes involving alcohol impairment are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the U.S. In this study, we examine how the probability of driving after a binge-drinking episode varies with the location of consumption and type of alcohol consumed. We also investigate the relationship between the location of alcohol purchase and the number of alcohol-impaired fatal motor vehicle crashes. Using multiple datasets that are representative of the U.S. between 2003 and 2009, we find that binge-drinkers are significantly more likely to drive after consuming alcohol at establishments that sell alcohol for on-premises consumption, e.g., from bars or restaurants, particularly after drinking beer. Further, per capita sales of alcohol for off-premises consumption are unrelated to the rate of alcohol-impaired fatal motor vehicle crashes. When disaggregating alcohol types, per capita sales of beer for off-premises consumption are negatively associated with the rate of alcohol-impaired fatal motor vehicle crashes. In contrast, total per capita sales of alcohol from all establishments (on- and off-premises) are positively related to the rate of alcohol-impaired fatal motor vehicle crashes and the magnitude of this relationship is strongest for beer sales. Thus, policies that shift consumption away from bars and restaurants could lead to a decline in the number of motor vehicle crashes.
涉及酒精影响的机动车碰撞事故是美国死亡率和发病率的主要原因之一。在本研究中，我们考察了暴饮暴食后驾车的可能性如何随饮酒地点和所饮酒类的类型而变化。我们还研究了酒精购买地点与酒精影响下的致命机动车碰撞事故数量之间的关系。利用2003年至2009年间代表美国的多个数据集，我们发现，暴饮暴食者在出售供店内消费的酒精的场所（如酒吧或餐馆）饮酒后显著更有可能驾车，尤其是在饮用啤酒之后。此外，店外消费的酒精人均销售额与酒精影响下的致命机动车碰撞事故发生率无关。当对酒类进行分类时，店外消费的啤酒人均销售额与酒精影响下的致命机动车碰撞事故发生率呈负相关。相比之下，所有场所（店内和店外）的酒精总人均销售额与酒精影响下的致命机动车碰撞事故发生率呈正相关，且这种关系的强度在啤酒销售方面最为明显。因此，将消费从酒吧和餐馆转移的政策可能会导致机动车碰撞事故数量的下降。
