From the, Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020 Oct;44(10):2064-2072. doi: 10.1111/acer.14439. Epub 2020 Sep 20.
About 30% of all motor vehicle fatalities in the United States are associated with alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes. Arrests for drinking and driving (Driving under the influence [DUI]) are 1 of the most important deterrence actions to minimize DUI. This paper examines trends and population-level correlates of drinking driving arrests (DUI) from 2005 to 2017 in California.
Arrest data come from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register compiled by the California Department of Justice. Sociodemographic and community characteristic data from the U.S. Census, alcohol outlet density, and distance to the U.S.-Mexico border from Law Enforcement Reporting Areas (LERA) centroids were aggregated at the level of 499 LERA contributing to the report. Reported arrest rates were related to area sociodemographic characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian Poisson space-time models.
Both among men and women rates showed an upward trend until 2008, decreasing after that year. DUI arrest rates were greater among Hispanics than Whites for the 2 younger age groups, 18 to 29 (p < 0.001) and 30 to 39 years (p < 0.001). DUI arrest rates in LERA areas are positively related to proximity to the California/Mexico border; a higher percent of bar/pub outlets; a higher percent of Hispanic population; a higher percent of population 18 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 49 years of age; a higher percent of US-born population; a higher percent of population with annual income of $100,000 or more; a higher percent of population 150% below the federal poverty line; and a higher level of law-enforcement activities.
Results of this analysis of spatial correlates of DUI arrests overlap well with the literature on individual-level data and arrest rates. The decrease in arrest rates as distance to the California/Mexico border increases is potentially associated with the greater availability of alcohol in the border area.
在美国，约 30%的机动车死亡事故与酒后驾车导致的机动车事故有关。因酒驾而被捕（酒后驾车[DUI]）是减少 DUI 行为的最重要威慑措施之一。本文研究了 2005 年至 2017 年加利福尼亚州酒驾逮捕的趋势和人口水平相关因素。
逮捕数据来自加利福尼亚州司法部编制的月度逮捕和引文登记簿。从美国人口普查中获取社会人口特征和社区特征数据、酒精销售点密度以及从执法报告区（LERA）质心到美国-墨西哥边境的距离，并在报告中汇总了 499 个有助于报告的 LERA。使用分层贝叶斯泊松时空模型将报告的逮捕率与区域社会人口特征相关联。
在男性和女性中，比率都呈现出上升趋势，直到 2008 年，此后下降。在 18 至 29 岁（p<0.001）和 30 至 39 岁（p<0.001）这两个较年轻的年龄组中，西班牙裔的 DUI 逮捕率高于白人。在靠近加利福尼亚州/墨西哥边境的执法报告区，酒吧/酒吧的数量较多；西班牙裔人口比例较高；18 至 29 岁、30 至 39 岁和 40 至 49 岁的人口比例较高；美国出生的人口比例较高；年收入在 10 万美元或以上的人口比例较高；生活在联邦贫困线以下 150%的人口比例较高；执法活动水平较高，这些因素与 DUI 逮捕率呈正相关。
对 DUI 逮捕的空间相关因素的分析结果与个人层面数据和逮捕率的文献很好地吻合。随着与加利福尼亚州/墨西哥边境距离的增加，逮捕率下降，这可能与边境地区酒精供应增加有关。
