Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura 281 001, UP, India; Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
Vet Parasitol. 2014 Jun 16;203(1-2):1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.03.008. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Canine demodicosis is a common but exigent noncontagious parasitic dermatosis caused by overpopulation of the host-specific follicular mites of various Demodex species. Receptivity of dogs to demodicosis and progression of the clinical disease are influenced by numerous factors including; genetic defect, alteration of skin's structure and biochemistry, immunological disorders, hormonal status, breed, age, nutritional status, oxidative stress, length of hair coat, stage of oestrus cycle, parturition, endoparasitism and debilitating diseases. Of these, the immune status is thought to be the most significant. Thus, in the present review we intended to edify the immuno-pathological conversions of canine demodicosis. Generalized demodicosis requires a cutaneous environment that is ecologically and immunologically favorable for extreme colonization of demodectic mites. Demodex canis mites can down regulate the CD4+ T cells; possibly by an increased rate of apoptosis or immunological exhaustion of CD4+ T cells. An increased apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes confers progression of the clinical manifestations. Mites induced elevation of TGF-β and inhibition of TNF-α mRNA expression might be a key factor for revealing the difference in the mechanism of onset between localized and generalized demodicosis. Moreover, an elevated serum level of IL-10 could be accountable for the recurrence as well as occurrence of demodicosis in dogs. Over production of reactive oxygen species can corroborate immunological discrepancies in dogs with demodicosis.
犬蠕形螨病是一种常见但紧急的非传染性寄生虫性皮肤病，由各种蠕形螨属的宿主特异性滤泡螨虫过度繁殖引起。犬对蠕形螨病的易感性和临床疾病的进展受到许多因素的影响，包括：遗传缺陷、皮肤结构和生物化学的改变、免疫紊乱、激素状态、品种、年龄、营养状况、氧化应激、毛发长度、发情周期阶段、分娩、内寄生虫和衰弱性疾病。在这些因素中，免疫状态被认为是最重要的。因此，在本综述中，我们旨在阐述犬蠕形螨病的免疫病理转化。全身性蠕形螨病需要一个有利于蠕形螨极度定植的生态和免疫皮肤环境。犬蠕形螨可以下调 CD4+T 细胞；可能通过增加 CD4+T 细胞的凋亡率或免疫衰竭。外周白细胞的凋亡增加导致临床症状的进展。螨虫诱导的 TGF-β升高和 TNF-αmRNA 表达抑制可能是揭示局限性和全身性蠕形螨病发病机制差异的关键因素。此外，IL-10 血清水平升高可能是导致犬蠕形螨病复发和发生的原因。活性氧的过度产生可以证实患有蠕形螨病的犬的免疫差异。
