Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0587, USA,
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;811:45-54. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_3.
Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to exciting opportunities in medicine, energy, manufacturing, and other fields. Nevertheless, it is important to adequately assess the potential impacts of nanomaterial exposure. This chapter focuses on the interactions of nanomaterials with epithelial barriers in the lungs, intestine, kidneys, skin, and placenta. Methods for determining transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular permeability are described. Effects on cell viability and barrier integrity depend on the chemical nature of the nanomaterial, nanoparticle size, surface coatings, and concentration. Disruption of tight junctions can affect permeability and interfere with normal regulatory processes of the epithelial barrier. Future research is needed to better understand the possibilities and the limits of novel approaches in nanotechnology.
最近纳米技术的进步为医学、能源、制造和其他领域带来了令人兴奋的机遇。然而，充分评估纳米材料暴露的潜在影响是很重要的。本章重点介绍纳米材料与肺部、肠道、肾脏、皮肤和胎盘上皮屏障的相互作用。描述了用于测定跨上皮电阻和旁细胞通透性的方法。细胞活力和屏障完整性的影响取决于纳米材料的化学性质、纳米颗粒大小、表面涂层和浓度。紧密连接的破坏会影响通透性，并干扰上皮屏障的正常调节过程。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解纳米技术中新型方法的可能性和局限性。
