Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (PFJ and HW) and the Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (PFJ).
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5 Suppl):1229S-34S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073031. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
A large body of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has examined the role of dairy products in weight loss and maintenance of healthy weight. Yogurt is a dairy product that is generally very similar to milk, but it also has some unique properties that may enhance its possible role in weight maintenance. This review summarizes the human RCT and prospective observational evidence on the relation of yogurt consumption to the management and maintenance of body weight and composition. The RCT evidence is limited to 2 small, short-term, energy-restricted trials. They both showed greater weight losses with yogurt interventions, but the difference between the yogurt intervention and the control diet was only significant in one of these trials. There are 5 prospective observational studies that have examined the association between yogurt and weight gain. The results of these studies are equivocal. Two of these studies reported that individuals with higher yogurt consumption gained less weight over time. One of these same studies also considered changes in waist circumference (WC) and showed that higher yogurt consumption was associated with smaller increases in WC. A third study was inconclusive because of low statistical power. A fourth study observed no association between changes in yogurt intake and weight gain, but the results suggested that those with the largest increases in yogurt intake during the study also had the highest increase in WC. The final study examined weight and WC change separately by sex and baseline weight status and showed benefits for both weight and WC changes for higher yogurt consumption in overweight men, but it also found that higher yogurt consumption in normal-weight women was associated with a greater increase in weight over follow-up. Potential underlying mechanisms for the action of yogurt on weight are briefly discussed.
大量的观察性研究和随机对照试验 (RCT) 已经研究了乳制品在减肥和保持健康体重方面的作用。酸奶是一种乳制品，通常与牛奶非常相似，但它也具有一些独特的特性，可能增强其在体重维持方面的作用。这篇综述总结了关于酸奶摄入与体重和体成分管理和维持关系的人类 RCT 和前瞻性观察证据。RCT 证据仅限于 2 项小型、短期、能量限制的试验。它们都表明，酸奶干预组的体重下降更大，但酸奶干预组与对照组之间的差异仅在其中一项试验中具有统计学意义。有 5 项前瞻性观察研究检查了酸奶与体重增加之间的关联。这些研究的结果存在争议。其中两项研究报告称，酸奶摄入量较高的个体随着时间的推移体重增加较少。其中一项相同的研究还考虑了腰围 (WC) 的变化，表明酸奶摄入量越高，WC 的增加越小。第三项研究由于统计效力低而没有结论。第四项研究观察到酸奶摄入量的变化与体重增加之间没有关联，但结果表明，在研究期间酸奶摄入量增加最多的人，WC 的增加也最高。最后一项研究分别按性别和基线体重状况检查了体重和 WC 的变化，发现对于超重男性，较高的酸奶摄入量对体重和 WC 的变化都有好处，但也发现对于正常体重女性，较高的酸奶摄入量与随访期间体重增加更多有关。简要讨论了酸奶对体重作用的潜在作用机制。
