Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
APMIS. 2014 Oct;122(10):1007-12. doi: 10.1111/apm.12253. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Filamentous fungi cultured from respiratory tract specimens submitted to the department of clinical microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, during 2010 were identified by morphology and by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Of 343 fungal isolates, discrepancies between identification methods were observed for four isolates (1.2%), while identification to species was achieved only with ITS sequencing for 16 isolates (4.7%). Filamentous fungi were isolated from 15% of cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory samples in contrast to 2% of non-CF samples. From CF patients, a total of nine different species were found in 188 samples from 48 patients, whereas from non-CF patients, 24 different species were found in 155 samples from 111 patients. CF was associated with a significant overrepresentation of Aspergillus fumigatus and Scedosporium species; in contrast, the frequency of Penicillium spp. and other putative contaminants were significantly increased in non-CF patients. The altered species variation of filamentous fungi in CF respiratory specimens is contradictory to a scenario of incidentally inhaled spores, trapped in the viscous airway mucus of these patients and subsequently expectorated; rather, our data most likely reflect both an increased prevalence and an increased proportion of truly colonizing fungi in this patient group.
2010 年，从阿胡斯大学医院临床微生物学系送检的呼吸道标本中培养出丝状真菌，通过形态学和内部转录间隔区（ITS）测序进行鉴定。在 343 株真菌分离株中，4 株（1.2%）的鉴定方法存在差异，而只有 16 株（4.7%）通过 ITS 测序才能鉴定到种。在囊性纤维化（CF）呼吸道样本中，丝状真菌的分离率为 15%，而非 CF 样本为 2%。从 CF 患者中，在 48 名患者的 188 份样本中发现了总共 9 种不同的菌种，而在非 CF 患者中，在 111 名患者的 155 份样本中发现了 24 种不同的菌种。CF 与烟曲霉和枝孢菌属的过度表达显著相关；相比之下，在非 CF 患者中，青霉菌属和其他假定的污染物的频率显著增加。CF 呼吸道标本中丝状真菌的物种变异改变与吸入偶然吸入的孢子、被困在这些患者粘稠的气道黏液中并随后被咳出的情况相矛盾；相反，我们的数据很可能反映了该患者群体中真菌的流行率和定植真菌的比例都有所增加。
