乌干达坎帕拉市的城市垃圾特性分析。
Characterization of municipal waste in Kampala, Uganda.
出版信息
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2014 Mar;64(3):340-8. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2013.861373.
UNLABELLED
In Kampala, Uganda, about 28,000 tons of waste is collected and delivered to a landfill every month. Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) records show that this represents approximately 40% of the waste generated in the city. The remaining uncollected waste is normally dumped in unauthorized sites, causing health and environmental problems. However, the organic fraction of domestic waste can provide an opportunity to improve livelihoods and incomes through fertilizer and energy production. This study characterized the municipal waste generated in Kampala and delivered to Kiteezi landfill between July 2011 and June 2012, that is, covering the dry and wet months. On each sampling day, waste was randomly selected from five trucks, sorted and weighed into different physical fractions. Samples of the organic waste from each truck were analyzed for total solids, major nutrients, and energy content. During the wet months, the waste consisted of 88.5% organics, 3.8% soft plastics, 2.8% hard plastics, 2.2% paper, 0.9% glass, 0.7% textiles and leather 0.2% metals, and 1.0% others. During the dry months, the waste consisted of 94.8% organics, 2.4% soft plastics, 1.0% hard plastics, 0.7% papers, 0.3% glass, 0.3% textile and leather, 0.1% metals, and 0.3% others. The organic waste on average had a moisture content of 71.1% and contained 1.89% nitrogen, 0.27% phosphorus, and 1.95% potassium. The waste had an average gross energy content of 17.3 MJ/kg. It was concluded that the organic waste generated can be a suitable source of some plant nutrients that are useful especially in urban agriculture.
IMPLICATIONS
The result of the waste characterization in Kampala was found to be significantly different from that obtained for other Sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities, showing that studies assuming average values for the waste fractions are likely to result in erroneous results. Furthermore, no reduction in organic fraction of the waste was noticed when compared with a study done two decades ago in spite of greatly improved economic status of Kampala city, a finding that is not in agreement with several other similar studies done for other SSA cities.
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在乌干达坎帕拉，每月约有 28000 吨垃圾被收集并运到垃圾填埋场。坎帕拉首都城市管理局（KCCA）的记录显示，这大约占该市产生垃圾的 40%。其余未收集的垃圾通常被倾倒在未经授权的地点，造成健康和环境问题。然而，城市生活垃圾中的有机部分可以通过肥料和能源生产来改善生计和收入。本研究对 2011 年 7 月至 2012 年 6 月期间运往 Kiteezi 垃圾填埋场的坎帕拉城市垃圾进行了特征描述，涵盖了干湿两季。在每个采样日，从五辆卡车上随机选择垃圾进行分类和称重，分为不同的物理成分。对每辆卡车的有机垃圾样本进行总固体、主要养分和能量含量分析。在雨季，垃圾中 88.5%是有机物，3.8%是软塑料，2.8%是硬塑料，2.2%是纸，0.9%是玻璃，0.7%是纺织品和皮革，0.2%是金属，1.0%是其他。在旱季，垃圾中 94.8%是有机物，2.4%是软塑料，1.0%是硬塑料，0.7%是纸，0.3%是玻璃，0.3%是纺织品和皮革，0.1%是金属，0.3%是其他。有机垃圾的平均含水量为 71.1%，含有 1.89%的氮、0.27%的磷和 1.95%的钾。垃圾的总能量含量平均为 17.3MJ/kg。研究结果表明，坎帕拉产生的有机垃圾可以作为一些植物养分的合适来源，这些养分尤其在城市农业中有用。
启示
坎帕拉的垃圾特征研究结果与其他撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）城市的结果有显著差异，这表明假设垃圾成分平均值的研究可能会导致错误的结果。此外，与 20 年前在坎帕拉市进行的一项研究相比，有机垃圾的比例并没有减少，尽管坎帕拉市的经济状况有了很大改善，这一发现与其他几个为其他 SSA 城市进行的类似研究不一致。
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