Mechanical Engineering Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32303.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 25;111 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):4653-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1312546111. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
Cryogenic flow visualization techniques have been proved in recent years to be a very powerful experimental method to study superfluid turbulence. Micron-sized solid particles and metastable helium molecules are specifically being used to investigate in detail the dynamics of quantum flows. These studies belong to a well-established, interdisciplinary line of inquiry that focuses on the deeper understanding of turbulence, one of the open problem of modern physics, relevant to many research fields, ranging from fluid mechanics to cosmology. Progress made to date is discussed, to highlight its relevance to a wider scientific community, and future directions are outlined. The latter include, e.g., detailed studies of normal-fluid turbulence, dissipative mechanisms, and unsteady/oscillatory flows.
近年来，低温流动可视化技术已被证明是研究超流体湍流的一种非常强大的实验方法。微米级的固体颗粒和亚稳氦分子被专门用来详细研究量子流的动力学。这些研究属于一个成熟的跨学科研究领域，侧重于更深入地了解湍流这一现代物理学的开放性问题之一，与从流体力学到宇宙学的许多研究领域都有关联。本文将讨论迄今取得的进展，以突出其与更广泛的科学界的相关性，并概述未来的研究方向。未来的研究方向包括对正常流体湍流、耗散机制以及非稳态/振荡流的详细研究等。
