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Acute nicotine reinforcement, but not chronic tolerance, predicts withdrawal and relapse after quitting smoking.急性尼古丁强化作用而非慢性耐受性可预测戒烟后的戒断反应和复吸情况。
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本文引用的文献

1
Alpha-2 agonists for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy and add-on trials to stimulant therapy.α-2 受体激动剂治疗青少年注意缺陷多动障碍：系统评价和荟萃分析，包括单药治疗和添加到兴奋剂治疗的试验。
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014 Feb;53(2):153-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.009. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
2
Antidepressants for smoking cessation.用于戒烟的抗抑郁药。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 8;2014(1):CD000031. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000031.pub4.
3
Pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation.戒烟的药物治疗。
JAMA. 2014 Jan 8;311(2):193-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.283787.
4
An efficient early phase 2 procedure to screen medications for efficacy in smoking cessation.一种高效的早期 2 期程序，用于筛选戒烟药物的疗效。
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jan;231(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3364-6. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
5
Reverse translation of the rodent 5C-CPT reveals that the impaired attention of people with schizophrenia is similar to scopolamine-induced deficits in mice.啮齿动物 5C-CPT 的反向翻译表明，精神分裂症患者的注意力受损与东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠缺陷相似。
Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 12;3(11):e324. doi: 10.1038/tp.2013.82.
6
Baseline impulsive choice predicts the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on impulsivity in rats.基线冲动选择预测尼古丁和尼古丁戒断对大鼠冲动性的影响。
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 3;48:6-13. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.007. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
7
Novel pharmacological agents targeting memory and cognition in the treatment of anxiety disorders.用于治疗焦虑症的新型靶向记忆与认知的药理学药物。
Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013 Nov;28(6):538-43. doi: 10.1002/hup.2348.
8
Pharmacotherapies and harm-reduction options for the treatment of tobacco dependence.药物治疗和减少伤害的选择，以治疗烟草依赖。
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Oct;14(14):1959-67. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.818978. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
9
Complex relationships of nicotinic receptor actions and cognitive functions.烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体作用与认知功能的复杂关系。
Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 15;86(8):1145-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.021. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
10
Association of abstinence-induced alterations in working memory function and COMT genotype in smokers.吸烟人群中，戒断诱导的工作记忆功能改变与 COMT 基因型的关联。
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Dec;230(4):653-62. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3197-3. Epub 2013 Jul 5.

通过提高戒断期间的认知表现来优化尼古丁依赖的治疗。

Optimizing treatments for nicotine dependence by increasing cognitive performance during withdrawal.

机构信息

University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry , 3535 Market St, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA +1 215 746 5789 ;

出版信息

Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2014 Jun;9(6):579-94. doi: 10.1517/17460441.2014.908180. Epub 2014 Apr 7.

DOI:10.1517/17460441.2014.908180
PMID:24707983
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4287224/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Current FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop novel antismoking medications. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with cognitive impairments that predict smoking relapse. It has been proposed that these cognitive deficits are a hallmark of nicotine withdrawal that could be targeted in order to prevent smoking relapse. Thus, pharmacotherapies that increase cognitive performance during nicotine withdrawal may represent potential smoking cessation agents.

AREAS COVERED

The authors review the clinical literature demonstrating that nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in working memory, attention and response inhibition. They then briefly summarize different classes of compounds and strategies to increase cognitive performance during nicotine withdrawal. Particular emphasis has been placed on translational research in order to highlight areas for which there is strong rationale for pilot clinical trials of potential smoking cessation medications.

EXPERT OPINION

There is emerging evidence that supports deficits in cognitive function as a plausible nicotine withdrawal phenotype. The authors furthermore believe that the translational paradigms presented here may represent efficient and valid means for the evaluation of cognitive-enhancing medications as possible treatments for nicotine dependence.

摘要

简介

目前，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的戒烟药物疗效有限，且戒断后复吸率较高。因此，开发新型戒烟药物迫在眉睫。尼古丁戒断与认知功能障碍有关，而认知功能障碍可预测复吸。有研究提出，这些认知缺陷是尼古丁戒断的特征，可以作为治疗靶点，以预防复吸。因此，提高尼古丁戒断期间认知表现的药物可能成为潜在的戒烟药物。

涵盖领域

作者综述了临床文献，证明尼古丁戒断与工作记忆、注意力和反应抑制缺陷有关。随后，作者简要总结了提高尼古丁戒断期间认知表现的不同类别化合物和策略。特别强调了转化研究，以突出具有合理理由进行潜在戒烟药物的临床试验的领域。

专家意见

有越来越多的证据支持认知功能障碍是尼古丁戒断的一种表型。作者还认为，这里提出的转化范式可能是评估认知增强药物作为尼古丁依赖治疗方法的有效和合理手段。