通过提高戒断期间的认知表现来优化尼古丁依赖的治疗。
Optimizing treatments for nicotine dependence by increasing cognitive performance during withdrawal.
机构信息
University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry , 3535 Market St, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA +1 215 746 5789 ;
出版信息
Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2014 Jun;9(6):579-94. doi: 10.1517/17460441.2014.908180. Epub 2014 Apr 7.
INTRODUCTION
Current FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop novel antismoking medications. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with cognitive impairments that predict smoking relapse. It has been proposed that these cognitive deficits are a hallmark of nicotine withdrawal that could be targeted in order to prevent smoking relapse. Thus, pharmacotherapies that increase cognitive performance during nicotine withdrawal may represent potential smoking cessation agents.
AREAS COVERED
The authors review the clinical literature demonstrating that nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in working memory, attention and response inhibition. They then briefly summarize different classes of compounds and strategies to increase cognitive performance during nicotine withdrawal. Particular emphasis has been placed on translational research in order to highlight areas for which there is strong rationale for pilot clinical trials of potential smoking cessation medications.
EXPERT OPINION
There is emerging evidence that supports deficits in cognitive function as a plausible nicotine withdrawal phenotype. The authors furthermore believe that the translational paradigms presented here may represent efficient and valid means for the evaluation of cognitive-enhancing medications as possible treatments for nicotine dependence.
简介
目前，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的戒烟药物疗效有限，且戒断后复吸率较高。因此，开发新型戒烟药物迫在眉睫。尼古丁戒断与认知功能障碍有关，而认知功能障碍可预测复吸。有研究提出，这些认知缺陷是尼古丁戒断的特征，可以作为治疗靶点，以预防复吸。因此，提高尼古丁戒断期间认知表现的药物可能成为潜在的戒烟药物。
涵盖领域
作者综述了临床文献，证明尼古丁戒断与工作记忆、注意力和反应抑制缺陷有关。随后，作者简要总结了提高尼古丁戒断期间认知表现的不同类别化合物和策略。特别强调了转化研究，以突出具有合理理由进行潜在戒烟药物的临床试验的领域。
专家意见
有越来越多的证据支持认知功能障碍是尼古丁戒断的一种表型。作者还认为，这里提出的转化范式可能是评估认知增强药物作为尼古丁依赖治疗方法的有效和合理手段。
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