École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI) ParisTech, UMR 7615, 10, Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France.
Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):186-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248494.
Elastomers are widely used because of their large-strain reversible deformability. Most unfilled elastomers suffer from a poor mechanical strength, which limits their use. Using sacrificial bonds, we show how brittle, unfilled elastomers can be strongly reinforced in stiffness and toughness (up to 4 megapascals and 9 kilojoules per square meter) by introducing a variable proportion of isotropically prestretched chains that can break and dissipate energy before the material fails. Chemoluminescent cross-linking molecules, which emit light as they break, map in real time where and when many of these internal bonds break ahead of a propagating crack. The simple methodology that we use to introduce sacrificial bonds, combined with the mapping of where bonds break, has the potential to stimulate the development of new classes of unfilled tough elastomers and better molecular models of the fracture of soft materials.
弹性体由于其大应变的可逆变形而被广泛应用。大多数未填充的弹性体机械强度较差，这限制了它们的使用。我们使用牺牲键展示了如何通过引入可各向同性拉伸的链的可变比例，使脆性、未填充的弹性体在刚度和韧性方面得到显著增强（高达 4 兆帕和 9 焦耳/平方米），这些链可以在材料失效之前断裂并耗散能量。化学发光交联分子在断裂时会发光，实时映射出在裂纹扩展之前许多内部键断裂的位置和时间。我们用于引入牺牲键的简单方法，结合键断裂位置的映射，有可能刺激新型未填充坚韧弹性体的开发和软物质断裂的更好的分子模型。
