Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di Padova Padova, Italy ; Interdepartmental Center for Cognitive Science, Università degli Studi di Padova Padova, Italy.
Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di Padova Padova, Italy.
Front Integr Neurosci. 2014 Mar 26;8:27. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00027. eCollection 2014.
Object-based attention operates on perceptual objects, opening the possibility that the costs and benefits humans have to pay to move attention between-objects might be affected by the nature of the stimuli. The current study reported two experiments with adults and 8-month-old infants investigating whether object-based-attention is affected by the type of stimulus (faces vs. non-faces stimuli). Using the well-known cueing task developed by Egly et al. (1994) to study the object-based component of attention, in Experiment 1 adult participants were presented with two upright, inverted or scrambled faces and an eye-tracker measured their saccadic latencies to find a target that could appear on the same object that was just cued or on the other object that was uncued. Data showed that an object-based effect (a smaller cost to shift attention within- compared to between-objects) occurred only with scrambled face, but not with upright or inverted faces. In Experiment 2 the same task was performed with 8-month-old infants, using upright and inverted faces. Data revealed that an object-based effect emerges only for inverted faces but not for upright faces. Overall, these findings suggest that object-based attention is modulated by the type of stimulus and by the experience acquired by the viewer with different objects.
基于对象的注意力作用于感知对象，这使得人类在对象之间转移注意力所需付出的代价和收益可能受到刺激物性质的影响成为可能。本研究通过两个实验报告了成人和 8 个月大婴儿的研究结果，以调查基于对象的注意力是否受到刺激类型（面部与非面部刺激）的影响。实验 1 中，使用 Egly 等人（1994）开发的著名提示任务来研究注意力的基于对象的成分，该任务要求参与者观察两个直立、倒置或打乱的面部图像，眼动追踪器测量他们的眼跳潜伏期，以找到可以出现在刚刚提示的相同对象或未提示的另一个对象上的目标。数据显示，只有在打乱的面部图像中才会出现基于对象的效应（与在对象之间相比，在对象内转移注意力的成本较小），而在直立或倒置的面部图像中则没有。在实验 2 中，使用直立和倒置的面部图像对 8 个月大的婴儿进行了相同的任务。数据显示，只有在倒置的面部图像中才会出现基于对象的效应，而在直立的面部图像中则没有。总体而言，这些发现表明，基于对象的注意力受到刺激类型和观看者对不同对象的经验的调节。
