Mu Min, Wang Su-Fang, Sheng Jie, Zhao Yan, Wang Guo-Xiu, Liu Kai-Yong, Hu Chuan-Lai, Tao Fang-Biao, Wang Hai-Lin
a Department of Nutrition , Anhui Medical University , Hefei Province , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2014;33(2):120-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.874897.
Our objective was to examine associations between dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese freshmen.
A cross-sectional study was done in 1319 college freshmen (aged 18.1 ± 1.2 years old). Diet was assessed by using a validated self-administrated food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured and bone measurements were done using Quantitative Ultrasound System.
Four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: Western food, animal protein, calcium food, and Chinese traditional patterns. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and osteopenia/osteoporosis were 8.2% (108/1319) and 28.1% (371/1319). The highest tertile of Western food pattern scores had greater odds of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest tertile, odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.22), and the highest tertile of Chinese traditional pattern scores had lower risk of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest tertile, OR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.53-0.80) in an adjusted model. The calcium food pattern and Chinese traditional pattern were negatively associated with the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis (highest vs. lowest tertile, OR = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.41-0.87; OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.55-0.89) after adjusting for confounders.
These findings suggested that there was a positive correlation between Chinese traditional dietary pattern and healthy BMI and BMD and that this same association existed between calcium food pattern and BMD in Chinese freshmen. In contrast, the Western-style diet was negatively correlated with healthy BMI in Chinese freshmen.
我们的目的是研究中国大一新生的饮食模式与体重指数（BMI）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）之间的关联。
对1319名大学新生（年龄18.1±1.2岁）进行了一项横断面研究。通过使用经过验证的自填式食物频率问卷来评估饮食。测量血压、体重、身高、腰围和臀围，并使用定量超声系统进行骨测量。
通过因子分析确定了四种饮食模式：西餐模式、动物蛋白模式、钙类食物模式和中国传统模式。超重/肥胖和骨质减少/骨质疏松的患病率分别为8.2%（108/1319）和28.1%（371/1319）。在调整模型中，西餐模式得分最高三分位数的学生超重/肥胖几率更高（最高三分位数与最低三分位数相比，优势比[OR]=2.00，95%置信区间[CI]，1.24 - 3.22），而中国传统模式得分最高三分位数的学生超重/肥胖风险较低（最高三分位数与最低三分位数相比，OR = 0.65，95% CI，0.53 - 0.80）。在调整混杂因素后，钙类食物模式和中国传统模式与骨质减少/骨质疏松风险呈负相关（最高三分位数与最低三分位数相比，OR = 0.59，95% CI，0.41 - 0.87；OR = 0.78，95% CI，0.55 - 0.89）。
这些发现表明，中国传统饮食模式与健康的BMI和BMD之间存在正相关，并且在中国大一新生中，钙类食物模式与BMD之间也存在同样的关联。相比之下，西式饮食与中国大一新生的健康BMI呈负相关。
