Tarver J, Daley D, Sayal K
Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (CANDAL), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Child Care Health Dev. 2014 Nov;40(6):762-74. doi: 10.1111/cch.12139. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder that can affect individuals across the lifespan. It is associated with substantial heterogeneity in terms of aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcome and is the subject of extensive research. Because of this, it can be difficult for clinicians to stay up to date with the most relevant findings and know how best to respond to parents' questions and concerns about the disorder and interventions. This is a narrative review that aims to summarize key findings from recent research into ADHD and its treatment that clinicians can share with families in order to increase their knowledge about ADHD and intervention options. ADHD develops as a result of complex interplay between interdependent genetic and non-genetic factors. The disorder is associated with substantial impairments in functioning and poor long-term outcomes. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are available for symptom management and to improve function, but functioning outcomes often fail to normalize in children with ADHD. Despite extensive advances in understanding this complex disorder, it is clear that there is still a long way to go. In particular, we address the need for future non-pharmacological interventions to be more specifically targeted for ADHD symptoms and its commonly associated functioning deficits in order to ensure the best long-term outcomes for children with ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的疾病，可影响各个年龄段的人群。它在病因、临床表现和治疗结果方面存在很大的异质性，是广泛研究的对象。因此，临床医生很难跟上最新的相关研究结果，也很难知道如何最好地回应家长关于该疾病及其干预措施的问题和担忧。这是一篇叙述性综述，旨在总结近期对ADHD及其治疗的研究的关键发现，临床医生可以与家庭分享这些发现，以增加他们对ADHD和干预选择的了解。ADHD是由相互依存的遗传和非遗传因素之间复杂的相互作用导致的。该疾病与功能的严重损害和不良的长期结果有关。有药物和非药物治疗选择可用于症状管理和改善功能，但ADHD儿童的功能结果往往无法恢复正常。尽管在理解这种复杂疾病方面取得了广泛进展，但显然仍有很长的路要走。特别是，我们强调未来的非药物干预需要更具体地针对ADHD症状及其常见的相关功能缺陷，以确保ADHD儿童获得最佳的长期结果。
