Hyland A, Borland R, Li Q, Yong H-H, McNeill A, Fong G T, O'Connor R J, Cummings K M
Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Tob Control. 2006 Jun;15 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):iii83-94. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.013516.
The International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (ITC-4) is a prospective cohort study designed to evaluate the psychosocial and behavioural impact of national-level tobacco control policies enacted in the Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. Wave 1 of ITC-4 survey was conducted between October 2002 and December 2002. Wave 2 survey was conducted between May 2003 and August 2003.
To test for individual-level predictors of smoking cessation behaviours (that is, quit attempts and smoking cessation) among cigarette smokers in the ITC Four Country Study measured between Wave 1 and Wave 2. This set of predictors will serve as the base for evaluating the added effect of tobacco control policies and other factors.
Respondents included in this study are 6682 adult current smokers in the Wave 1 main survey who completed the Wave 2 follow-up (1665 were in Canada, 1329 were in the USA, 1837 were in the UK and 1851 were in Australia).
Factors predictive of making a quit attempt included intention to quit, making a quit attempt in the previous year, longer duration of past quit attempts, less nicotine dependence, more negative attitudes about smoking, and younger age. Lower levels of nicotine dependence were the main factor that predicted future cessation among those that made a quit attempt.
Intention to quit and other cognitive variables were associated with quit attempts, but not cessation. Behavioural variables related to task difficulty, including measures of dependence, predicted both making attempts and their success. Predictors of making quit attempts and cessation were similar for each of the four countries, but there were some differences in predictors of success.
国际烟草控制（ITC）四国调查（ITC - 4）是一项前瞻性队列研究，旨在评估澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国实施的国家级烟草控制政策对心理社会和行为的影响。ITC - 4调查的第1波在2002年10月至2002年12月期间进行。第2波调查在2003年5月至2003年8月期间进行。
在ITC四国研究中，测试第1波和第2波之间测量的吸烟者戒烟行为（即戒烟尝试和戒烟）的个体层面预测因素。这组预测因素将作为评估烟草控制政策和其他因素附加效果的基础。
本研究纳入的受访者是第1波主要调查中的6682名成年现吸烟者，他们完成了第2波随访（1665人在加拿大，1329人在美国，1837人在英国，1851人在澳大利亚）。
预测有戒烟尝试的因素包括戒烟意图、前一年有过戒烟尝试、过去戒烟尝试的持续时间更长、尼古丁依赖程度较低、对吸烟的负面态度更强以及年龄较小。尼古丁依赖程度较低是预测有戒烟尝试者未来戒烟的主要因素。
戒烟意图和其他认知变量与戒烟尝试有关，但与戒烟无关。与任务难度相关的行为变量，包括依赖程度的测量，既预测了尝试行为及其成功。四个国家中每个国家戒烟尝试和戒烟的预测因素相似，但成功的预测因素存在一些差异。
