Carmona Rocío, Alcázar-Alcázar Raimundo, Sarria-Santamera Antonio, Regidor Enrique
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2014 Jan-Feb;88(1):135-55. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272014000100009.
Spain was among the top immigration destinations globally between 1990 and 2005, becoming in 2006 in the European country with the highest net migration. As a result of the migration process and the living conditions in the host countries, immigrants' health may be affected. Limited research has investigated access and use of health services for this population. The aim of this study was to describe the scientific evidence on the use of general and specialist medical services for the immigrant population compared to the native.
Systematic review. It has carried out a search of the national and international scientific literature of comparative studies on the use of general and specialist medical services among immigrant and native since 1994-2013. It was used the MEDLINE database as well as a manual search, no language limit or type of study. The methodological quality of the 29 studies included was evaluated. Subject, context, methodological and extrinsic characteristics were collected for comparison of the included studies.
We selected 29 studies on the general practitioners' (9 from Spain) and 15 of specialist physician (7 from Spain), they mainly used health surveys as a source of information. Analyze both the attendance and contact with the general practitioner / specialist by nationality or country of birth (among others), mostly by adjusting variables of need and / or socioeconomic.
Overall, the immigrant population in Spain have a similar use of general medical services than the native population, and less or similar use of the specialist physician services. These results are in line with studies in other countries.
在1990年至2005年间，西班牙是全球主要的移民目的地之一，并于2006年成为欧洲净移民数量最多的国家。由于移民过程以及东道国的生活条件，移民的健康可能会受到影响。针对这一人群获得和使用医疗服务的研究有限。本研究的目的是描述与本国人口相比，移民人口使用全科和专科医疗服务的科学证据。
系统评价。检索了1994年至2013年间关于移民和本国人口使用全科和专科医疗服务的比较研究的国内和国际科学文献。使用了MEDLINE数据库以及手工检索，没有语言限制或研究类型限制。对纳入的29项研究的方法学质量进行了评估。收集了主题、背景、方法和外部特征，以便对纳入的研究进行比较。
我们选择了29项关于全科医生的研究（9项来自西班牙）和15项关于专科医生的研究（7项来自西班牙），这些研究主要使用健康调查作为信息来源。分析了按国籍或出生国（以及其他因素）划分的与全科医生/专科医生的就诊率和接触情况，大多通过调整需求和/或社会经济变量进行分析。
总体而言，西班牙的移民人口使用全科医疗服务的情况与本国人口相似，使用专科医生服务的情况较少或相似。这些结果与其他国家的研究一致。
