Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2014;378:129-47. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_6.
Cytokine storm defines a dysregulation of and an excessively exaggerated immune response most often accompanying selected viral infections and several autoimmune diseases. Newly emerging and re-emerging infections of the respiratory tract, especially influenza, SARS, and hantavirus post considerable medical problems. Their morbidities and mortalities are often a direct result of cytokine storm. This chapter visits primarily influenza virus infection and resultant cytokine storm. It provides the compelling evidence that illuminates cytokine storm in influenza pathogenesis and the clear findings that cytokine storm is chemically tractable by therapy directed toward sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulation, specifically S1P1R agonist therapy. The mechanism(s) of how S1P1R signaling works and the pathways involved are subjects of this review.
细胞因子风暴定义为一种失调和过度夸张的免疫反应，通常伴随着某些病毒感染和几种自身免疫性疾病。新出现和重新出现的呼吸道感染，特别是流感、SARS 和汉坦病毒，会引发相当多的医疗问题。它们的发病率和死亡率往往是细胞因子风暴的直接结果。本章主要探讨流感病毒感染和由此产生的细胞因子风暴。它提供了有力的证据，阐明了细胞因子风暴在流感发病机制中的作用，以及明确的发现，即通过针对鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体（S1PR）调节的治疗，特别是 S1P1R 激动剂治疗，细胞因子风暴是可以治疗的。S1P1R 信号转导的作用机制和涉及的途径是本综述的主题。
