Hurd Noelle M, Varner Fatima A, Caldwell Cleopatra H, Zimmerman Marc A
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia.
Department of Psychology, Fordham University.
Dev Psychol. 2014 Jul;50(7):1910-8. doi: 10.1037/a0036438. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
We assessed whether perceived discrimination predicted changes in psychological distress and substance use over time and whether psychological distress and substance use predicted change in perceived discrimination over time. We also assessed whether associations between these constructs varied by gender. Our sample included 607 Black emerging adults (53% female) followed for 4 years. Participants reported the frequency with which they had experienced racial hassles during the past year, symptoms of anxiety and depression during the past week, and cigarette and alcohol use during the past 30 days. We estimated a series of latent growth models to test our study hypotheses. We found that the intercept of perceived discrimination predicted the linear slopes of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use. We did not find any associations between the intercept factors of our mental health or substance use variables and the perceived discrimination linear slope factor. We found limited differences across paths by gender. Our findings suggest a temporal ordering in the associations among perceived racial discrimination, psychological distress, and alcohol use over time among emerging adults. Further, our findings suggest that perceived racial discrimination may be similarly harmful among men and women.
我们评估了感知到的歧视是否能预测心理困扰和物质使用随时间的变化，以及心理困扰和物质使用是否能预测感知到的歧视随时间的变化。我们还评估了这些构念之间的关联是否因性别而异。我们的样本包括607名黑人新兴成年人（53%为女性），随访了4年。参与者报告了他们在过去一年中经历种族麻烦的频率、过去一周的焦虑和抑郁症状，以及过去30天内的香烟和酒精使用情况。我们估计了一系列潜在增长模型来检验我们的研究假设。我们发现，感知到的歧视的截距预测了焦虑症状、抑郁症状和酒精使用的线性斜率。我们没有发现心理健康或物质使用变量的截距因素与感知到的歧视线性斜率因素之间存在任何关联。我们发现不同性别在各路径上的差异有限。我们的研究结果表明，在新兴成年人中，感知到的种族歧视、心理困扰和酒精使用之间的关联存在时间顺序。此外，我们的研究结果表明，感知到的种族歧视对男性和女性可能同样有害。
