Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology and Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Jan;3(1):52-62. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70012-9. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
In parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, sleep loss has become common in modern societies. An increasing number of epidemiological studies show an association between short sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and circadian desynchronisation of sleep with adverse metabolic traits, in particular obesity and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, experimental studies point to distinct mechanisms by which insufficient sleep adversely affects metabolic health. Changes in the activity of neuroendocrine systems seem to be major mediators of the detrimental metabolic effects of insufficient sleep, through favouring neurobehavioural outcomes such as increased appetite, enhanced sensitivity to food stimuli, and, ultimately, a surplus in energy intake. The effect of curtailed sleep on physical activity and energy expenditure is less clear, but changes are unlikely to outweigh increases in food intake. Although long-term interventional studies proving a cause and effect association are still scarce, sleep loss seems to be an appealing target for the prevention, and probably treatment, of metabolic disease.
随着肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病发病率的不断上升，睡眠不足在现代社会中也变得越来越普遍。越来越多的流行病学研究表明，睡眠时间短、睡眠障碍和睡眠昼夜节律失调与不良代谢特征（尤其是肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病）之间存在关联。此外，实验研究指出了睡眠不足对代谢健康产生不利影响的不同机制。神经内分泌系统活动的改变似乎是睡眠不足对代谢产生有害影响的主要介导者，它通过促进神经行为结果，如食欲增加、对食物刺激的敏感性增强，最终导致能量摄入过剩。睡眠不足对体力活动和能量消耗的影响尚不明确，但这些变化不太可能超过食物摄入的增加。虽然证明因果关系的长期干预研究仍然稀缺，但睡眠不足似乎是预防和治疗代谢性疾病的一个有吸引力的目标。
