*Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; †National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; and ‡Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 May 1;66 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S82-8. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000118.
In Kenya, mathematical models estimate that there are approximately 220,000 children aged less than 15 years infected with HIV. We analyzed data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among children aged 18 months to 14 years.
KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative 2-stage cluster sample household survey. We studied children aged 18 months to 14 years whose parents or guardians answered questions pertaining to their children by interview. Blood specimens were collected for HIV serology and viral load measurement.
We identified 5162 children who were eligible for the study. Blood was obtained for 3681 (71.3%) children. Among child participants, 16.4% had been tested for HIV infection in the past, and among children with parents or guardians who self-reported HIV-positive status, 52.9% had been tested for HIV infection. Twenty-eight (0.9%) children tested HIV-positive in the survey. Of these, 11 had been previously diagnosed with HIV infection before the survey. All 11 children were in HIV care and receiving cotrimoxazole; 8 were on antiretorivral therapy (ART). Among those on ART, 4 were virologically suppressed.
HIV causes a substantial burden of disease in the Kenyan pediatric population. Although most children who had been diagnosed with HIV before the survey were engaged in care and treatment, they represented less than half of HIV-infected children identified in the survey. Future efforts should focus on identifying infected children and getting them into care and on suppressive ART as early as possible.
在肯尼亚，数学模型估计有大约 22 万名年龄在 15 岁以下的儿童感染了 HIV。我们分析了来自肯尼亚艾滋病指标调查（KAIS 2012）的第二项数据，以估计 18 个月至 14 岁儿童的 HIV 感染流行率。
KAIS 2012 是一项全国代表性的两阶段聚类抽样家庭调查。我们研究了父母或监护人通过访谈回答了与子女有关问题的 18 个月至 14 岁的儿童。采集血液标本进行 HIV 血清学和病毒载量检测。
我们确定了 5162 名符合研究条件的儿童。有 3681 名（71.3%）儿童采集了血液样本。在儿童参与者中，16.4%过去曾接受过 HIV 感染检测，而父母或监护人自我报告 HIV 阳性的儿童中，52.9%接受过 HIV 感染检测。28 名（0.9%）儿童在调查中 HIV 检测呈阳性。其中，11 人在调查前已被诊断患有 HIV 感染。所有 11 名儿童均接受 HIV 护理和服用复方新诺明；8 名儿童正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）。在接受 ART 的儿童中，4 人病毒载量受到抑制。
HIV 在肯尼亚儿科人群中造成了相当大的疾病负担。尽管大多数在调查前已被诊断出 HIV 感染的儿童都接受了护理和治疗，但他们只占调查中发现的 HIV 感染儿童的不到一半。未来的工作应重点识别感染儿童，使他们尽快获得护理和支持性的 ART。
