富含鼠尾草酸的迷迭香提取物可选择性调节盲肠微生物群并抑制β-葡萄糖苷酶活性，改变瘦型和肥胖型雌性大鼠粪便中纤维和短链脂肪酸的排泄。
A rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid selectively modulates caecum microbiota and inhibits β-glucosidase activity, altering fiber and short chain fatty acids fecal excretion in lean and obese female rats.
作者信息
Romo-Vaquero María, Selma María-Victoria, Larrosa Mar, Obiol María, García-Villalba Rocío, González-Barrio Rocío, Issaly Nicolas, Flanagan John, Roller Marc, Tomás-Barberán Francisco A, García-Conesa María-Teresa
机构信息
Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 14;9(4):e94687. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094687. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Carnosic acid (CA) and rosemary extracts (RE) show body-weight, energy metabolism and inflammation regulatory properties in animal models but the mechanisms are not yet understood. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the host metabolism and inflammatory status and is modulated by the diet. The aim of this research was to investigate whether a RE enriched in CA affected caecum microbiota composition and activity in a rat model of genetic obesity.
METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
A RE (40% CA) was administered with the diet (0.5% w/w) to lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) female Zucker rats for 64 days. Changes in the microbiota composition and β-glucosidase activity in the caecum and in the levels of macronutrients and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in feces were examined. The RE increased the Blautia coccoides and Bacteroides/Prevotella groups and reduced the Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococccus group in both types of animals. Clostridium leptum was significantly decreased and Bifidobacterium increased only in the lean rats. β-Glucosidase activity was significantly reduced and fecal fiber excretion increased in the two genotypes. The RE also increased the main SCFA excreted in the feces of the obese rats but decreased them in the lean rats reflecting important differences in the uptake and metabolism of these molecules between the two genotypes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the consumption of a RE enriched in CA modifies microbiota composition and decreases β-glucosidase activity in the caecum of female Zucker rats while it increases fiber fecal elimination. These results may contribute to explain the body weight gain reducing effects of the RE. The mutated leptin receptor of the obese animals significantly affects the microbiota composition, the SCFA fecal excretion and the host response to the RE intake.
背景
在动物模型中，鼠尾草酸（CA）和迷迭香提取物（RE）具有调节体重、能量代谢及炎症的特性，但其作用机制尚不清楚。肠道微生物群在宿主代谢和炎症状态中起重要作用，并受饮食调节。本研究旨在探讨富含CA的RE是否会影响遗传性肥胖大鼠模型的盲肠微生物群组成及活性。
方法与主要发现
将富含40%CA的RE以0.5%（w/w）的比例添加到饮食中，分别喂给瘦型（fa/+）和肥胖型（fa/fa）雌性 Zucker 大鼠64天。检测盲肠微生物群组成和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的变化，以及粪便中常量营养素和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）水平的变化。RE使两种类型动物的 Blautia coccoides和拟杆菌/普雷沃氏菌属增加，乳酸菌/明串珠菌/片球菌属减少。仅在瘦型大鼠中，纤细梭菌显著减少，双歧杆菌增加。两种基因型大鼠的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均显著降低，粪便纤维排泄增加。RE还增加了肥胖大鼠粪便中主要SCFA的排泄，但减少了瘦型大鼠粪便中主要SCFA的排泄，这反映了两种基因型在这些分子摄取和代谢方面的重要差异。
结论
我们的结果表明，食用富含CA的RE可改变微生物群组成，降低雌性 Zucker 大鼠盲肠中的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性，同时增加粪便纤维排泄。这些结果可能有助于解释RE对体重增加的抑制作用。肥胖动物突变的瘦素受体显著影响微生物群组成、粪便SCFA排泄及宿主对RE摄入的反应。
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