He Xuan, Zhang Man, Li Shu-Ting, Li Xinyu, Huang Qingrong, Zhang Kun, Zheng Xi, Xu Xue-Tao, Zhao Deng-Gao, Ma Yan-Yan
School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen China.
Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA.
Food Sci Nutr. 2022 May 24;10(7):2325-2332. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2841. eCollection 2022 Jul.
(rosemary) is widely used as a food ingredient. Rosemary extract (containing 40% carnosic acid) exhibited potent antiobesity activity. However, the relationship between carnosic acid (CA) and changes in the gut microbiota of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice has not been fully investigated. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, or an HFD containing 0.1% or 0.2% CA for 10 weeks. CA exhibited promising antiobesity effects and caused marked alterations in the gut microbiota of HFD-induced obese mice. CA caused the prevalence of probiotics and functional bacteria, including , , and group, and inhibited diabetes-sensitive bacteria, including and . The ratio of to was regulated by CA in a dose-dependent manner, decreasing it from 13.22% to 2.42%. Additionally, CA reduced bile acid-metabolizing bacteria, such as , , , and . The results of the linear discriminant analysis and effect size analysis indicated that CA attenuated the microbial changes caused by HFD. The high CA (HCA) group (HFD containing 0.2% CA) exhibited a greater abundance of (including , genus , family , and order ), , and , and the low CA (LCA) group (HFD containing 0.1% CA) exhibited a greater abundance of , , and . Our results demonstrate that the antiobesity effects of CA might be strongly related to its prebiotic effects.
迷迭香被广泛用作食品成分。迷迭香提取物（含40%的鼠尾草酸）具有显著的抗肥胖活性。然而，鼠尾草酸（CA）与高脂饮食（HFD）诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道微生物群变化之间的关系尚未得到充分研究。将C57BL/6小鼠分别喂食正常饮食、高脂饮食或含0.1%或0.2%CA的高脂饮食10周。CA表现出有前景的抗肥胖作用，并导致高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肠道微生物群发生显著改变。CA使包括双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属和阿克曼菌属在内的益生菌和功能菌的比例升高，并抑制包括拟杆菌属和脱硫弧菌属在内的糖尿病敏感菌。CA以剂量依赖的方式调节拟杆菌属与厚壁菌门的比例，使其从13.22%降至2.42%。此外，CA减少了胆汁酸代谢菌，如脱硫弧菌属、梭菌属、嗜胆菌属和拟杆菌属。线性判别分析和效应大小分析结果表明，CA减轻了高脂饮食引起的微生物变化。高剂量CA（HCA）组（含0.2%CA的高脂饮食）中双歧杆菌属（包括双歧杆菌属、双歧杆菌科和双歧杆菌目）、阿克曼菌属和乳杆菌属的丰度更高，低剂量CA（LCA）组（含0.1%CA的高脂饮食）中拟杆菌属、脱硫弧菌属和梭菌属的丰度更高。我们的结果表明，CA的抗肥胖作用可能与其益生元作用密切相关。
