蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶：药理学与生物化学研究趋势

Izidoro Luiz Fernando M, Sobrinho Juliana C, Mendes Mirian M, Costa Tássia R, Grabner Amy N, Rodrigues Veridiana M, da Silva Saulo L, Zanchi Fernando B, Zuliani Juliana P, Fernandes Carla F C, Calderon Leonardo A, Stábeli Rodrigo G, Soares Andreimar M

Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal e Departamento de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.

Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:196754. doi: 10.1155/2014/196754. Epub 2014 Mar 12.

L-amino acid oxidases are enzymes found in several organisms, including venoms of snakes, where they contribute to the toxicity of ophidian envenomation. Their toxicity is primarily due to enzymatic activity, but other mechanisms have been proposed recently which require further investigation. L-amino acid oxidases exert biological and pharmacological effects, including actions on platelet aggregation and the induction of apoptosis, hemorrhage, and cytotoxicity. These proteins present a high biotechnological potential for the development of antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiprotozoan agents. This review provides an overview of the biochemical properties and pharmacological effects of snake venom L-amino acid oxidases, their structure/activity relationship, and supposed mechanisms of action described so far.

L-氨基酸氧化酶是在多种生物中发现的酶，包括蛇毒，它们在蛇毒中毒过程中发挥作用。其毒性主要源于酶活性，但最近也提出了其他机制，需要进一步研究。L-氨基酸氧化酶具有生物学和药理学作用，包括对血小板聚集的影响以及诱导细胞凋亡、出血和细胞毒性。这些蛋白质在抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗原生动物药物开发方面具有很高的生物技术潜力。本文综述了蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶的生化特性、药理作用、结构/活性关系以及目前所描述的推测作用机制。