Shiffman Saul, Dunbar Michael S, Benowitz Neal L
Authors' Affiliations: Smoking Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
Authors' Affiliations: Smoking Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Jul;23(7):1264-72. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1014. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
Nondaily or intermittent smokers (ITS) are increasingly common, but how much nicotine, if any, ITS take in and how quickly they metabolize it has not yet been studied.
We compared carbon monoxide (CO), urinary cotinine, and nicotine metabolism [nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR): 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine] in 224 ITS and 222 daily smokers (DS). Effects of gender and ethnicity were examined.
DS had higher cotinine concentrations than ITS (1,396 ± 69 vs. 478 ± 44 ng/mL), attributable to higher cigarettes per day (CPD). In both groups, cotinine rose more slowly as CPD increased. There were no differences in cotinine between White (WH) and African American (AA) DS; among ITS, AA cotinine was over twice that of WH. Among DS, CO was significantly higher among WH than AA smokers, but significantly lower among WH ITS than AA ITS. Although AA ITS smoked more than WH ITS (CPD: 4.13 ± 0.55 vs. 3.31 ± 0.41), this did not account for the observed cotinine nor CO differences. There were no differences in NMR by group or race, nor any gender effects.
At comparable CPD, DS' and ITS' intake of nicotine per cigarette was similar, as were their rates of nicotine metabolism. Among ITS, AA smokers smoke more and take in more nicotine per cigarette than WH ITS, consistent with the view of ITS as a heterogeneous group.
Differences in nicotine intake per cigarette and metabolism likely cannot account for differences in DS and ITS smoking. Future studies should explore ethnic differences in ITS smoking.
非每日吸烟或间歇性吸烟者（ITS）越来越常见，但他们摄入了多少尼古丁（如果有的话）以及尼古丁代谢的速度有多快尚未得到研究。
我们比较了224名ITS和222名每日吸烟者（DS）的一氧化碳（CO）、尿可替宁以及尼古丁代谢情况[尼古丁代谢物比率（NMR）：3-羟基可替宁：可替宁]。研究了性别和种族的影响。
DS的可替宁浓度高于ITS（1396±69对478±44 ng/mL），这归因于每日吸烟量（CPD）较高。在两组中，随着CPD增加，可替宁上升得更缓慢。白人（WH）和非裔美国人（AA）DS的可替宁没有差异；在ITS中，AA的可替宁是WH的两倍多。在DS中，WH吸烟者的CO显著高于AA吸烟者，但WH ITS中的CO显著低于AA ITS。尽管AA ITS比WH ITS吸烟更多（CPD：4.13±0.55对3.31±0.41），但这并不能解释观察到的可替宁和CO差异。各组或各种族之间的NMR没有差异，也没有任何性别影响。
在可比的CPD下，DS和ITS每支香烟的尼古丁摄入量相似，尼古丁代谢率也相似。在ITS中，AA吸烟者比WH ITS吸烟更多且每支香烟摄入的尼古丁更多，这与ITS是一个异质性群体的观点一致。
每支香烟尼古丁摄入量和代谢的差异可能无法解释DS和ITS吸烟的差异。未来的研究应探索ITS吸烟中的种族差异。
