Olival Kevin J, Hayman David T S
EcoHealth Alliance, 460 W. 34th Street, New York, NY 10001, USA.
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Viruses. 2014 Apr 17;6(4):1759-88. doi: 10.3390/v6041759.
Filoviruses, including Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus, pose significant threats to public health and species conservation by causing hemorrhagic fever outbreaks with high mortality rates. Since the first outbreak in 1967, their origins, natural history, and ecology remained elusive until recent studies linked them through molecular, serological, and virological studies to bats. We review the ecology, epidemiology, and natural history of these systems, drawing on examples from other bat-borne zoonoses, and highlight key areas for future research. We compare and contrast results from ecological and virological studies of bats and filoviruses with those of other systems. We also highlight how advanced methods, such as more recent serological assays, can be interlinked with flexible statistical methods and experimental studies to inform the field studies necessary to understand filovirus persistence in wildlife populations and cross-species transmission leading to outbreaks. We highlight the need for a more unified, global surveillance strategy for filoviruses in wildlife, and advocate for more integrated, multi-disciplinary approaches to understand dynamics in bat populations to ultimately mitigate or prevent potentially devastating disease outbreaks.
包括埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒在内的丝状病毒，通过引发高死亡率的出血热疫情，对公共卫生和物种保护构成重大威胁。自1967年首次爆发以来，它们的起源、自然史和生态学一直难以捉摸，直到最近的研究通过分子、血清学和病毒学研究将它们与蝙蝠联系起来。我们借鉴其他蝙蝠传播的人畜共患病的例子，回顾这些系统的生态学、流行病学和自然史，并突出未来研究的关键领域。我们将蝙蝠和丝状病毒的生态学和病毒学研究结果与其他系统的结果进行比较和对比。我们还强调了先进的方法，如更新的血清学检测，如何能够与灵活的统计方法和实验研究相互关联，为理解丝状病毒在野生动物种群中的持续存在以及导致疫情爆发的跨物种传播所需的实地研究提供信息。我们强调需要对野生动物中的丝状病毒采取更统一的全球监测策略，并倡导采用更综合、多学科的方法来了解蝙蝠种群动态，以最终减轻或预防潜在的毁灭性疾病爆发。
