Stinchcombe Thomas E
Multi-disciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, University of North Carolina UNC Chapel Hill, Physicians Office Bldg. CB# 7305, 170 Manning Drive, 3rd Floor, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7305, USA,
Med Oncol. 2014 May;31(5):960. doi: 10.1007/s12032-014-0960-1. Epub 2014 Apr 19.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung accounts for 20-30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Despite the differences in disease characteristics between squamous and non-squamous NSCLC, both have historically been treated similarly in the clinic. Recently approved drugs have revealed differences in activity and safety profiles across histologic subtypes and have applicability in treating non-squamous, but not typically squamous, NSCLC. Exploration of immune checkpoints--co-inhibitory molecules used to regulate immune responses--has resulted in novel immunotherapies designed to interrupt signaling through the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 or programmed cell death protein-1 pathways on lymphocytes. Modulation of these pathways can lead to restored antitumor immune responses, and preliminary evidence shows that agents targeting these pathways have activity in lung cancer, including squamous NSCLC.
肺鳞状细胞癌占非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的20%-30%。尽管肺鳞状细胞癌和非鳞状细胞NSCLC在疾病特征上存在差异，但在临床上，二者历来都采用相似的治疗方法。最近获批的药物显示出不同组织学亚型在活性和安全性方面存在差异，且适用于治疗非鳞状细胞而非典型鳞状细胞NSCLC。对免疫检查点（用于调节免疫反应的共抑制分子）的探索，催生了旨在中断淋巴细胞上细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4或程序性细胞死亡蛋白1信号通路的新型免疫疗法。这些信号通路的调节可恢复抗肿瘤免疫反应，初步证据表明，靶向这些信号通路的药物在肺癌（包括鳞状NSCLC）中具有活性。
