Lin Yi-Ching, Billingham Robert E
Psychol Rep. 2014 Feb;114(1):250-71. doi: 10.2466/21.09.PR0.114k13w4.
The relationship between perceived parenting styles and gender role identity was examined in college students. 230 undergraduate students (48 men, 182 women; 18-23 years old) responded to the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). The hypothesis was that parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive for both fathers and mothers) would be significantly associated with gender role identity (undifferentiated, feminine, masculine, and androgynous) of college students, specifically whether authoritative parenting styles associated with androgyny. To account for differences in sex on gender role identity or parenting styles, sex was included as a factor. The pattern of the difference in identity groups was similar for males and females. There were significant differences in parenting styles between gender role groups. Maternal and paternal authoritativeness correlated with participants' femininity, and for both parents, the relationship was observed to be stronger in males than females; paternal authoritativeness was significantly associated with androgyny. Future research based on these results should investigate how the findings relate to children's psychological well-being and behavioral outcomes.
研究了大学生中感知到的养育方式与性别角色认同之间的关系。230名本科生（48名男性，182名女性；年龄在18至23岁之间）回答了《父母权威问卷》（PAQ）和《贝姆性别角色量表》（BSRI）。假设是养育方式（父母双方的专制型、权威型和放任型）将与大学生的性别角色认同（未分化型、女性化型、男性化型和双性化型）显著相关，特别是权威型养育方式是否与双性化相关。为了考虑性别角色认同或养育方式上的性别差异，将性别作为一个因素纳入。男性和女性在认同群体上的差异模式相似。性别角色群体之间在养育方式上存在显著差异。母亲和父亲的权威性与参与者的女性化特征相关，而且对于父母双方来说，这种关系在男性中比在女性中更强；父亲的权威性与双性化显著相关。基于这些结果的未来研究应该调查这些发现如何与儿童的心理健康和行为结果相关。
