Salavera Carlos, Usán Pablo, Quilez-Robres Alberto
Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 10;19(6):3295. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063295.
Parental educational styles have a significant effect in personal development. These styles (authoritative, democratic, permissive and neglectful) can be related to affects and social skills at the individual level. The study presented here, which comprised 456 participants (151 men; 33.11%), with an average age of 22.01 years ( = 2.80), aimed to analyse the relationship between parental styles, affects and social skills, as well as the role played by affects in the relationship between parental style and social skills. The results suggest that the constructs under study are closely related. The most common parental style is democratic. By gender, permissive styles were more often applied to women and authoritative styles to men. No significant gender differences were found in the application of democratic and neglectful parental styles. In terms of emotional support, women were found to have higher negative affect scores and men higher emotional support scores. People with parents that use democratic and permissive styles scored higher in all variables related to affects and social skills, which challenges the notion that democratic styles are the best parental styles in terms of socialisation of children. The results of the affect and social skills scales were analysed in relation to parenting styles, indicating that children educated under a democratic parental regime tend to yield higher scores in terms of social skills than children educated under any other form of parental regime and medium scores in terms of affects. Finally, it was found that parenting styles have a direct influence on social skills, which tend to improve when affects play a mediating role between these two constructs. These results suggest that parenting styles are closely related to affects and social skills. In addition, they also suggest that affects play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and social skills. Finally, owing to the impact that parenting styles have on affects and social skills, more research is needed to address this issue.
父母的教育方式对个人发展有着重大影响。这些方式（权威型、民主型、放任型和忽视型）在个体层面上可能与情感及社交技能相关。此处呈现的这项研究包含456名参与者（151名男性，占33.11%），平均年龄为22.01岁（标准差 = 2.80），旨在分析父母教育方式、情感与社交技能之间的关系，以及情感在父母教育方式与社交技能关系中所起的作用。结果表明，所研究的这些构念紧密相关。最常见的父母教育方式是民主型。按性别来看，放任型方式更多地应用于女性，权威型方式更多地应用于男性。在民主型和忽视型父母教育方式的应用上未发现显著的性别差异。在情感支持方面，发现女性的消极情感得分更高，而男性的情感支持得分更高。父母采用民主型和放任型教育方式的人在所有与情感和社交技能相关的变量上得分更高，这对民主型教育方式是儿童社会化方面最佳的父母教育方式这一观念提出了挑战。对情感和社交技能量表的结果与养育方式进行了分析，表明在民主型父母教育模式下接受教育的孩子在社交技能方面往往比在任何其他形式的父母教育模式下接受教育的孩子得分更高，在情感方面得分中等。最后，发现养育方式对社交技能有直接影响，当情感在这两个构念之间起中介作用时，社交技能往往会得到改善。这些结果表明，养育方式与情感和社交技能密切相关。此外，它们还表明情感在养育方式与社交技能的关系中起中介作用。最后，由于养育方式对情感和社交技能有影响，需要更多研究来解决这个问题。
