Larouche Richard, Boyer Charles, Tremblay Mark Stephen, Longmuir Patricia
a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Room R242, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014 May;39(5):553-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0371. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
The present study sought to quantify the relationships among physical activity (PA), health-related fitness, and motor skill in children (grades 4 to 6), and to determine whether specific tests of fitness or motor skill are independently associated with objectively measured PA level. Four hundred and ninety-one students (56.4% female) wore a Digi-Walker pedometer for 7 consecutive days. Standardized protocols were used to assess health-related fitness (body mass index percentile, waist circumference, 20-m shuttle run, plank, handgrip, and trunk flexibility). Motor skill was evaluated using a validated obstacle course. Pearson correlations (with Holm adjustments for multiple comparisons) initially assessed associations among PA, health-related fitness, and motor skill. Multi-variable linear regression was used to determine which factors were significantly associated with daily step counts, while adjusting for gender, age, testing season, and socioeconomic status. Step counts were significantly correlated with predicted aerobic power (r = 0.30), obstacle course time (r = -0.27), obstacle course score (r = 0.20), plank isometric torso endurance (r = 0.16), and handgrip strength (r = 0.12), but not with waist circumference (r = -0.10), trunk flexibility (r = 0.10), or overweight status (ρ = -0.06). In the multi-variable model, predicted aerobic power, obstacle course time, testing season, gender, and the predicted aerobic power by gender interaction were significantly associated with step counts, explaining 16.4% of the variance. Specifically, the relationship between predicted aerobic power and step counts was stronger in girls. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness and motor skill are independently associated with children's PA. Future longitudinal studies should evaluate whether interventions to enhance aerobic fitness and motor skill could enhance daily PA among children of this age.
本研究旨在量化儿童（四年级至六年级）的身体活动（PA）、健康相关体能和运动技能之间的关系，并确定特定的体能或运动技能测试是否与客观测量的PA水平独立相关。491名学生（56.4%为女性）连续7天佩戴Digi-Walker计步器。采用标准化方案评估健康相关体能（体重指数百分位数、腰围、20米往返跑、平板支撑、握力和躯干柔韧性）。使用经过验证的障碍课程评估运动技能。Pearson相关性分析（采用Holm法进行多重比较校正）初步评估PA、健康相关体能和运动技能之间的关联。使用多变量线性回归确定在调整性别、年龄、测试季节和社会经济地位后，哪些因素与每日步数显著相关。步数与预测的有氧能力（r = 0.30）、障碍课程时间（r = -0.27）、障碍课程得分（r = 0.20）、平板支撑等长躯干耐力（r = 0.16）和握力（r = 0.12）显著相关，但与腰围（r = -0.10）、躯干柔韧性（r = 0.10）或超重状态（ρ = -0.06）无关。在多变量模型中，预测的有氧能力、障碍课程时间、测试季节、性别以及性别与预测有氧能力的交互作用与步数显著相关，解释了16.4%的方差。具体而言，女孩中预测的有氧能力与步数之间的关系更强。这些发现表明，有氧体能和运动技能与儿童的PA独立相关。未来的纵向研究应评估增强有氧体能和运动技能的干预措施是否能提高这个年龄段儿童的每日PA。
