State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
Water Res. 2014 Jul 1;58:248-57. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.074. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
The occurrence of four free estrogens, four conjugated estrogens, and bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in three cow farms, four swine farms, and five chicken farms. The daily total estrogen (free and conjugated) excretions of a cow were 145.23-179.27 μg/d mainly through feces (92%), while swine excreted 42.56-219.25 μg/d of estrogens mainly through urine (98-99%). Estrogen conjugates contributed 14.6-48.8% to the total estrogen excretions in cow feces and more than 98% in swine urine. A chicken excreted 0.66-12.78 μg/d of total estrogens through feces, among which 34.2-100% was contributed by conjugated estrogens. The total estrogen removal efficiencies of manure anaerobic digesters and composters were 14.7-21.8% and less than 70.1%, respectively. Estrogens (E1, 17β-E2, E1-3S, and E2-3S) still existed in treated manure at concentrations up to 2695 ± 181 ng/L (anaerobic digestate) and at contents up to 80.8 ± 6.0 ng/g (compost). BPA was found in feces and compost samples at similar contents (nd-25 ng/g), and approximately 60-70% of BPA was removed in wastewater treatment facilities.
本研究调查了三家奶牛场、四家猪场和五家养鸡场中四种游离雌酮、四种结合雌酮和双酚 A（BPA）的排放情况。奶牛每天通过粪便（92%）排泄的总雌激素（游离和结合）排泄量为 145.23-179.27μg/d，而猪主要通过尿液（98-99%）排泄 42.56-219.25μg/d 的雌激素。雌激素结合物在奶牛粪便中的总雌激素排泄中占 14.6-48.8%，在猪尿液中占 98%以上。鸡通过粪便排泄 0.66-12.78μg/d 的总雌激素，其中 34.2-100%为结合雌激素。粪便厌氧消化器和堆肥器的总雌激素去除效率分别为 14.7-21.8%和小于 70.1%。雌激素（E1、17β-E2、E1-3S 和 E2-3S）仍以高达 2695±181ng/L（厌氧消化物）和高达 80.8±6.0ng/g（堆肥）的浓度存在于处理后的粪便中。BPA 存在于粪便和堆肥样品中，含量相似（nd-25ng/g），污水处理设施中约有 60-70%的 BPA 被去除。
