Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 1;207:111521. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111521. Epub 2020 Nov 1.
Phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol A (BPA), and oestrogenic compounds have become major concerns due to their endocrine-disrupting effect. However, few studies related to the occurrence of PAEs, BPA, and oestrogen in food and compost from different growth age livestock have been conducted. In this study, faeces, urine and food samples were collected from a typical livestock (cow) and a special livestock (pigeon) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The daily total oestrogen excretion of a single cow ranged from 192 μg/day to 671 μg/day, which was significantly higher than that of a single pigeon (0-0.01 μg/day). Conjugated oestrogens represented 22.0-46.0% of the total oestrogens excreted from cow faeces and 80.7-91.8% of those from cow urine, indicating that the form of the excreted oestrogens depends on the livestock species and type of excrement. BPA was all detected in all livestock manure and food, and the concentration in pigeon was 9.2-40.2 ng/g and 23.1 ng/g respectively, while that in cattle was 50.5-72.0 ng/g and 41.1 ng/g respectively. The results indicated that the food is significant sources of BPA entering the process of cow and pigeon breeding. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected at high frequency in pigeon faeces samples, suggesting that pigeons were highly exposed to these plasticisers. The total oestradiol equivalent quantity (EEQt) of livestock origin in aquatic environments was estimated to be 2.99 ng/L, which was higher than the baseline hazard value (1 ng/L) (Xu et al., 2018). The study provides data on the emissions and sources of PAEs, BPA, and oestrogenic compounds from different livestock in CAFOs and demonstrates that food is a significant source of BPA entering livestock.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）、双酚 A（BPA）和雌激素化合物由于其内分泌干扰作用而成为主要关注点。然而，关于不同生长年龄的家畜的食物和堆肥中 PAEs、BPA 和雌激素的发生情况，相关研究较少。本研究从集中式动物饲养场（CAFO）中采集了一种典型家畜（奶牛）和一种特殊家畜（鸽子）的粪便、尿液和食物样本。一头奶牛的日总雌激素排泄量从 192μg/天到 671μg/天不等，明显高于一只鸽子的日总雌激素排泄量（0-0.01μg/天）。从奶牛粪便中排泄的总雌激素中，结合雌激素占 22.0-46.0%，从奶牛尿液中排泄的总雌激素中，结合雌激素占 80.7-91.8%，这表明雌激素的排泄形式取决于家畜种类和粪便类型。所有家畜粪便和食物中均检测到 BPA，鸽子粪便和食物中的浓度分别为 9.2-40.2ng/g 和 23.1ng/g，而牛粪便和食物中的浓度分别为 50.5-72.0ng/g 和 41.1ng/g。结果表明，食物是 BPA 进入牛和鸽子养殖过程的重要来源。二乙基邻苯二甲酸酯（DEP）在鸽子粪便样品中被高频检出，表明鸽子高度暴露于这些增塑剂中。水生环境中家畜来源的总雌二醇当量（EEQt）估计为 2.99ng/L，高于基准危害值（1ng/L）（Xu 等人，2018 年）。本研究提供了 CAFO 中不同家畜 PAEs、BPA 和雌激素化合物排放和来源的数据，并表明食物是 BPA 进入家畜的重要来源。
