Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 12;15(1):125. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010125.
This study investigated the occurrence and contamination risk of estrogens in livestock manure in Jiangsu Province, China. Four estrogens-estriol (E3), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), bisphenol A (BPA), and 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2)-were detected in livestock manure from hens, ducks, swine, and cows. The respective mean concentrations of each estrogen found in these manures were 289.8, 334.1, 330.3, and 33.7 μg/kg for E3; 38.6, 10.9, 52.9, and 38.8 μg/kg for 17β-E2; 63.6, 48.7, 51.9, and 11.7 μg/kg for BPA; and 14.3, 11.3, 25.1, and 21.8 μg/kg for EE2. Estrogens were most frequently detected at high concentrations in the manure of finishing pigs, followed by the manure of growing pigs and piglets. Estrogens can be partially degraded after banking up for seven days; yet, great quantities of estrogens remain in livestock manure. The total estradiol equivalent quantity (EEQ) estimated to be present in aquatic environments but originating from livestock waste was 10.5 ng/L, which was greater than the hazard baseline value (1 ng/L) and also higher than the proposed lowest observable effect concentration (10 ng/L) of E2 in aquatic environments. The results of our study demonstrate that livestock waste is an important source of estrogens, which may potentially affect the hormonal metabolism of aquatic organisms.
本研究调查了中国江苏省家畜粪便中雌激素的发生和污染风险。从鸡、鸭、猪和牛的粪便中检测到了四种雌激素——雌三醇（E3）、17β-雌二醇（17β-E2）、双酚 A（BPA）和 17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）。这些粪便中每种雌激素的平均浓度分别为 E3：289.8μg/kg、17β-E2：38.6μg/kg、BPA：63.6μg/kg 和 EE2：14.3μg/kg；17β-E2：10.9μg/kg、52.9μg/kg 和 11.3μg/kg；BPA：48.7μg/kg、51.9μg/kg 和 25.1μg/kg；EE2：21.8μg/kg、21.8μg/kg 和 25.1μg/kg。在育肥猪的粪便中，雌激素最常以高浓度被检测到，其次是生长猪和仔猪的粪便。经过七天的堆积，雌激素可以部分降解；然而，家畜粪便中仍有大量的雌激素残留。据估计，水生环境中来源于家畜废物的雌二醇当量总量（EEQ）为 10.5ng/L，这大于危害基准值（1ng/L），也高于水生环境中 E2 的建议最低观察效应浓度（10ng/L）。我们的研究结果表明，家畜废物是雌激素的一个重要来源，可能会对水生生物的激素代谢产生潜在影响。
