Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Virus Res. 2014 Aug 8;188:128-41. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.007. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
Phylogenetic analyses have prompted a taxonomic reorganization of family Partitiviridae (encapsidated, bisegmented dsRNA viruses that infect plants, fungi, or protozoa), the focus of this review. After a brief introduction to partitiviruses, the taxonomic changes are discussed, including replacement of former genera Partitivirus, Alphacryptovirus, and Betacryptovirus, with new genera Alphapartitivirus, Betapartitivirus, Gammapartitivirus, and Deltapartitivirus, as well as redistribution of species among these new genera. To round out the review, other recent progress of note in partitivirus research is summarized, including discoveries of novel partitivirus sequences by metagenomic approaches and mining of sequence databases, determinations of fungal partitivirus particle structures, demonstrations of fungal partitivirus transmission to new fungal host species, evidence for other aspects of partitivirus-host interactions and host effects, and identification of other fungal or plant viruses with some similarities to partitiviruses. Some outstanding questions are also discussed.
系统发育分析促使包裹体、二分体 dsRNA 病毒（感染植物、真菌或原生动物）家族——节段病毒科（Partitiviridae）的分类发生了变化，这是本次综述的重点。在简要介绍了节段病毒之后，本文讨论了分类变化，包括用新属——甲型节段病毒属（Alphapartitivirus）、乙型节段病毒属（Betapartitivirus）、丙型节段病毒属（Gammapartitivirus）和丁型节段病毒属（Deltapartitivirus）来取代以前的属——节段病毒属（Partitivirus）、甲型 cryptovirus 属（Alphacryptovirus）和乙型 cryptovirus 属（Betacryptovirus），以及这些新属中物种的重新分布。为了使综述完整，还总结了节段病毒研究的其他最新进展，包括通过宏基因组方法和序列数据库挖掘发现新型节段病毒序列、确定真菌节段病毒颗粒结构、证明真菌节段病毒向新真菌宿主物种的传播、节段病毒-宿主相互作用和宿主效应的其他方面的证据，以及鉴定出其他与节段病毒有一些相似之处的真菌或植物病毒。本文还讨论了一些悬而未决的问题。
