Gearhardt Ashley N, Rizk Marianne T, Treat Teresa A
University of Michigan, 2268 East Hall, 530 Church St. Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Appetite. 2014 Aug;79:166-73. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.013. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
Craving and liking are related to eating-related problems, but less is known about the association of specific food characteristics (e.g., sugar, fat) with craving/liking. The relation of individual differences in eating behavior with these craving and liking patterns is also relatively unknown. We examine the nomothetic impact of sugar, fat and processing on food craving and liking and the moderation of these effects by idiographic factors (e.g., Body Mass Index [BMI], hunger). One hundred and five overweight and obese women completed craving and liking ratings on 180 foods that differed in levels of sugar, fat and processing. Food craving was linked positively to fat content, but negatively to sugar. Food liking was associated negatively with sugar content and processing level. Addictive-like eating predicted elevated overall food craving and liking, and increased craving and liking for processed foods. Attempted restriction efforts were unrelated to craving and liking. BMI was associated with less craving for fattier foods and lower liking for the average food. Hunger was associated with increased craving for the average food. These findings highlight the role of fat in cravings and differences in craving and liking based on BMI, loss of control over eating, and hunger. These findings are relevant to theories of problematic eating and the development of eating-related interventions.
渴望和喜好与饮食相关问题有关，但对于特定食物特征（如糖、脂肪）与渴望/喜好之间的关联了解较少。饮食行为的个体差异与这些渴望和喜好模式之间的关系也相对不为人知。我们研究了糖、脂肪和加工方式对食物渴望和喜好的普遍影响，以及特质因素（如体重指数[BMI]、饥饿程度）对这些影响的调节作用。105名超重和肥胖女性对180种在糖、脂肪和加工水平上存在差异的食物进行了渴望和喜好评分。食物渴望与脂肪含量呈正相关，但与糖呈负相关。食物喜好与糖含量和加工水平呈负相关。成瘾性饮食预示着总体食物渴望和喜好增加，以及对加工食品的渴望和喜好增加。节食努力与渴望和喜好无关。BMI与对脂肪含量更高食物的渴望减少以及对普通食物的喜好降低有关。饥饿与对普通食物的渴望增加有关。这些发现凸显了脂肪在渴望中的作用，以及基于BMI、饮食失控和饥饿程度的渴望和喜好差异。这些发现与问题饮食理论以及饮食相关干预措施的制定相关。
