European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Aquatic Pests and Pathogens Group, Cefas, Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
Aquatic Pests and Pathogens Group, Cefas, Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
Trends Parasitol. 2014 Jun;30(6):274-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.04.004. Epub 2014 Apr 26.
Animal diseases gain political attention by their inclusion on lists of global bodies such as those of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Inclusion requires national governments to report outbreaks promptly but may lead to trading restrictions between nations in an attempt to limit spread. Detection therefore has consequences that may have direct impact from farm to state levels. We consider here current approaches to discriminating listed parasites from related but unlisted counterparts. We outline necessary drivers for the discrimination of important taxa and how these may be influenced by national policies. Further, we propose a set of 'best practice' measures, broadly based upon current taxonomic philosophies for protists and metazoans, that should be applied when defining taxa for listing as notifiable.
动物疾病因其被列入全球机构的名单而引起政治关注，例如世界动物卫生组织 (OIE)。列入名单要求各国政府迅速报告疫情爆发情况，但可能导致国家之间的贸易限制，以试图限制传播。因此，检测具有可能直接从农场到国家层面产生影响的后果。在这里，我们考虑了目前区分列入名单的寄生虫与相关但未列入名单的寄生虫的方法。我们概述了区分重要分类群的必要驱动因素，以及这些因素如何受到国家政策的影响。此外，我们提出了一套“最佳实践”措施，这些措施主要基于原生动物和后生动物的当前分类学理念，在将分类群定义为应报告的疫病时应加以应用。
