1 Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Dept. of Cellular Neurobiology, JFB-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Schwann-Schleiden-Centre for molecular cell biology, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
J Insect Sci. 2013;13:157. doi: 10.1673/031.013.15701.
Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4-6 syllables, each comprising 10-20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (> 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8-10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2-3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.
瓜德罗普岛是背风群岛中最大的岛屿，拥有三种属于不同部落的伪叶螽科（直翅目：螽斯科）。本研究检查了这些物种发声和声振行为的基本方面。由于许多伪叶螽科的歌声复杂且在高频处达到峰值，因此需要高质量的录音。因此，野外标本被记录下来。收集的标本用于结构功能实验。Karukerana aguilari Bonfils（Pterophyllini）是一种大型物种，每个前翅都有一面镜子，镜子上有明显的褶皱。它唱 4-6 个音节，每个音节由 10-20 个脉冲组成，在 4 到 20 kHz 的频谱中有几个峰值。这首歌是直翅目动物中最响亮的之一（> 125 dB SPL 在 10 cm 距离）。褶皱是保护性的，在发声中没有作用。两个镜子都可能在声音辐射中独立工作。Nesonotus reticulatus（Fabricius）（Cocconotini）以不规则的间隔发出两个音节的诗句。歌声在 20 kHz 左右达到峰值。雄性在唱歌时经常用腹部发出约 8-10 Hz 的震颤信号。据我们所知，这是直翅目动物中同时发出鸣叫和震颤的第一个记录。其他雄性用自己的震颤来回应震颤。 Xerophyllopteryx fumosa（Brunner von Wattenwyl）（Pleminiini）是一种大型的、树皮状的物种，能发出大约 20 个脉冲的音节。音节的产生具有不规则的节奏（通常是两个间隔较短的音节）。歌声在 2-3 kHz 和 10 kHz 左右达到峰值。后翅相对较厚，在唱歌时夹在前翅半开的位置之间。后翅的去除会使歌声强度降低约 5 dB，尤其是低频成分，这表明后翅在放大歌声方面发挥了作用。
