Tempest Gavin D, Eston Roger G, Parfitt Gaynor
School of Health Sciences, The Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, The Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2014 May 1;9(5):e95924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095924. eCollection 2014.
The dose-response effects of the intensity of exercise upon the potential regulation (through top-down processes) of affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses in the prefrontal cortex during an incremental exercise protocol have not been explored. This study examined the functional capacity of the prefrontal cortex (reflected by haemodynamics using near infrared spectroscopy) and affective responses during exercise at different intensities. Participants completed an incremental cycling exercise test to exhaustion. Changes (Δ) in oxygenation (O2Hb), deoxygenation (HHb), blood volume (tHb) and haemoglobin difference (HbDiff) were measured from bilateral dorsal and ventral prefrontal areas. Affective responses were measured every minute during exercise. Data were extracted at intensities standardised to: below ventilatory threshold, at ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point and the end of exercise. During exercise at intensities from ventilatory threshold to respiratory compensation point, ΔO2Hb, ΔHbDiff and ΔtHb were greater in mostly ventral than dorsal regions. From the respiratory compensation point to the end of exercise, ΔO2Hb remained stable and ΔHbDiff declined in dorsal regions. As the intensity increased above the ventilatory threshold, inverse associations between affective responses and oxygenation in (a) all regions of the left hemisphere and (b) lateral (dorsal and ventral) regions followed by the midline (ventral) region in the right hemisphere were observed. Differential activation patterns occur within the prefrontal cortex and are associated with affective responses during cycling exercise.
在递增运动方案期间，运动强度对前额叶皮质中情感（愉悦 - 不愉悦）反应的潜在调节（通过自上而下的过程）的剂量反应效应尚未得到探索。本研究考察了前额叶皮质的功能能力（通过近红外光谱法利用血液动力学反映）以及不同强度运动期间的情感反应。参与者完成了递增式自行车运动测试直至力竭。测量了双侧背侧和腹侧前额叶区域的氧合（O2Hb）、脱氧（HHb）、血容量（tHb）和血红蛋白差异（HbDiff）的变化（Δ）。在运动期间每分钟测量情感反应。数据在标准化强度下提取：低于通气阈值、通气阈值时、呼吸补偿点和运动结束时。在从通气阈值到呼吸补偿点的强度运动期间，大部分腹侧区域的ΔO2Hb、ΔHbDiff和ΔtHb大于背侧区域。从呼吸补偿点到运动结束，背侧区域的ΔO2Hb保持稳定，ΔHbDiff下降。随着强度增加超过通气阈值，观察到（a）左半球所有区域以及（b）右半球外侧（背侧和腹侧）区域随后是中线（腹侧）区域的情感反应与氧合之间呈负相关。前额叶皮质内出现不同的激活模式，并且与自行车运动期间的情感反应相关。
