Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
AoB Plants. 2014 Mar 17;6(0). doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plu001. Print 2014.
Studies on invasive plant management are often short in duration and limited in the methods tested, and lack an adequate description of plant communities that replace the invader following removal. Here we present a comprehensive review of management studies on a single species, in an effort to elucidate future directions for research in invasive plant management. We reviewed the literature on Phragmites management in North America in an effort to synthesize our understanding of management efforts, identify gaps in knowledge and improve the efficacy of management. Additionally, we assessed recent ecological findings concerning Phragmites mechanisms of invasion and integrated these findings into our recommendations for more effective management. Our overall goal is to examine whether or not current management approaches can be improved and whether they promote reestablishment of native plant communities. We found: (i) little information on community-level recovery of vegetation following removal of Phragmites; and (ii) most management approaches focus on the removal of Phragmites from individual stands or groups of stands over a relatively small area. With a few exceptions, recovery studies did not monitor vegetation for substantial durations, thus limiting adequate evaluation of the recovery trajectory. We also found that none of the recovery studies were conducted in a landscape context, even though it is now well documented that land-use patterns on adjacent habitats influence the structure and function of wetlands, including the expansion of Phragmites. We suggest that Phragmites management needs to shift to watershed-scale efforts in coastal regions, or larger management units inland. In addition, management efforts should focus on restoring native plant communities, rather than simply eradicating Phragmites stands. Wetlands and watersheds should be prioritized to identify ecosystems that would benefit most from Phragmites management and those where the negative impact of management would be minimal.
关于入侵植物管理的研究通常持续时间短，测试方法有限，并且缺乏对入侵植物被移除后替代它们的植物群落的充分描述。在这里，我们对单个物种的管理研究进行了全面综述，旨在阐明入侵植物管理研究的未来方向。我们查阅了北美的香蒲管理文献，以综合我们对管理工作的理解，确定知识空白，并提高管理的有效性。此外，我们评估了最近关于香蒲入侵机制的生态学发现，并将这些发现纳入我们对更有效管理的建议中。我们的总体目标是检查当前的管理方法是否可以改进，以及它们是否促进了本地植物群落的重建。我们发现：（i）关于香蒲被移除后植被在群落水平上的恢复信息很少；（ii）大多数管理方法侧重于在相对较小的区域内从单个或多个种群中去除香蒲。除了少数例外，恢复研究并没有在很长时间内监测植被，因此限制了对恢复轨迹的充分评估。我们还发现，没有一项恢复研究是在景观背景下进行的，尽管现在已经清楚地表明，相邻栖息地的土地利用模式会影响湿地的结构和功能，包括香蒲的扩张。我们建议，香蒲管理需要转移到沿海地区的流域尺度努力，或者内陆更大的管理单位。此外，管理工作应侧重于恢复本地植物群落，而不仅仅是简单地根除香蒲种群。应优先考虑湿地和流域，以确定最需要香蒲管理和管理负面影响最小的生态系统。
