Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Spain.
School of Medicine, University of Granada , Spain.
J Sports Sci Med. 2014 May 1;13(2):430-8. eCollection 2014 May.
The aim of the present study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A cross-sectional multi-sample survey with 17 independent datasets was carried out. Cross-cultural adaptation of the PEAS into Spanish was conducted through forward/backward translations, consensus panels and comparative analyses of known-groups to establish evidence for its reliability and validity. Weighted Kappa coefficients with quadratic weighting were used to assess the reliability of each item, with Cronbach's internal consistency coefficients for overall scale's reliability and Spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability over a one-week period. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the scale's structure. Differences between self-admitted doping users and non-users were analysed to verify the PEAS' construct validity in 8 datasets. Spearman's correlation coefficient was also used to assess the relationships between the PEAS and self-esteem, self-efficacy and perceived descriptive norm to establish convergent validity. The scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency (α = 0.71-0.85), reliability of each item (Kappa values range 0.34-0.64) and temporal stability (r = 0.818; p < 0.001). CFA showed acceptable fit (RMSEA <0.08, mean RMSEA = 0.055; χ(2)/df < 3, mean χ(2)/df = 1.89) for all but one samples. As expected, self-admitted doping users showed more positive attitude toward doping than non-users. Significant and strong negative relationship was found between PEAS and self-efficacy; weak negative correlation with self-esteem and and positive correlation with perceived descriptive norm. The Spanish version of PEAS showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Considerations for application and improvement are outlined. Key pointsFirst study that crosses culturally adapted the PEAS to the Spanish language.The Spanish version of PEAS has satisfactory psychometric properties.Users scored higher than non-users indicating a satisfactory construct validity. Significant positive correlation was found between PEAS and projected use.Significant negative correlation between PEAS and self-esteem and self-efficacy.
本研究旨在对《表现增强态度量表》（PEAS）进行跨文化调适和验证。通过 17 个独立数据集的横断面多样本调查进行了跨文化调适。通过正向/反向翻译、共识小组和已知组的比较分析，对 PEAS 进行了西班牙语文化调适，以建立其可靠性和有效性的证据。使用二次加权的加权 Kappa 系数评估每个项目的可靠性，使用 Cronbach 的内部一致性系数评估整体量表的可靠性，使用 Spearman 的相关系数评估一周内的重测信度。进行验证性因素分析（CFA）以评估量表的结构。在 8 个数据集分析自我承认的兴奋剂使用者和非使用者之间的差异，以验证 PEAS 的结构效度。还使用 Spearman 的相关系数评估 PEAS 与自尊、自我效能和感知描述性规范之间的关系，以建立收敛效度。该量表显示出令人满意的内部一致性水平（α=0.71-0.85）、每个项目的可靠性（Kappa 值范围 0.34-0.64）和时间稳定性（r=0.818；p<0.001）。除了一个样本外，CFA 显示出可接受的拟合度（RMSEA<0.08，平均 RMSEA=0.055；χ(2)/df<3，平均 χ(2)/df=1.89）。正如预期的那样，自我承认的兴奋剂使用者对兴奋剂的态度比非使用者更为积极。PEAS 与自我效能之间存在显著且强烈的负相关关系；与自尊呈弱负相关，与感知描述性规范呈正相关。PEAS 的西班牙语版本具有令人满意的心理测量学特性。概述了应用和改进的考虑因素。要点首次将 PEAS 跨文化适应为西班牙语。PEAS 的西班牙语版本具有令人满意的心理测量学特性。使用者的得分高于非使用者，表明结构效度令人满意。PEAS 与预期使用之间存在显著正相关。PEAS 与自尊和自我效能之间存在显著负相关。
