Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Sep;70:178-87. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 May 3.
Driving under the influence of drugs is a global traffic safety and public health concern. This trend analysis examines the changes in general drug usage other than alcohol, broad categories, and typical prescription and illegal drugs among drivers fatally injured in motor vehicle crashes from 1999 to 2010 in the U.S.
Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System were analyzed from 1999 to 2010. Drug prevalence rates and prevalence ratios (PR) were determined comparing rates in 2009-2010 to 1999-2000 using a random effects model. Changes in general drug usage, broad categories, and representative prescription and illegal drugs including, methadone, oxycodone, hydrocodone, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and cocaine, were explored.
Comparing 2009-2010 to 1999-2000, prevalence of drug usage increased 49% (PR=1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 1.55). The largest increases in broad drug categories were narcotics (PR=2.73; 95% CI 2.41, 3.08), depressants (PR=2.01; 95% CI 1.80, 2.25), and cannabinoids (PR=1.99; 95% CI 1.84, 2.16). The PR were 6.37 (95% CI 5.07, 8.02) for hydrocodone/oxycodone, 4.29 (95% CI 2.88, 6.37) for methadone, and 2.27 (95% CI 2.00, 2.58) for benzodiazepines. Barbiturates declined in rate over the 12-year period (PR=0.53; 95% CI 0.37, 0.75). Cocaine use increased until 2005 then progressively declined, though the rate remained relatively unchanged (PR=0.94; 95% CI 0.84, 1.06).
While more drivers are being tested and found drug-positive, there is evidence that a shift from illegal to prescription drugs may be occurring among fatally injured drivers in the U.S. Driving under the influence of prescription drugs is a growing traffic concern.
药物影响下的驾驶是全球交通安全和公共卫生关注的一个问题。本趋势分析研究了 1999 年至 2010 年期间，美国机动车事故中致命伤者除酒精以外的一般药物使用、广泛类别以及典型处方和非法药物的变化情况。
对 1999 年至 2010 年期间的死亡分析报告系统数据进行了分析。使用随机效应模型，将 2009-2010 年与 1999-2000 年的药物流行率和流行率比（PR）进行比较，以确定药物流行率。探讨了一般药物使用、广泛类别以及包括美沙酮、羟考酮、氢可酮、巴比妥类药物、苯二氮䓬类药物和可卡因在内的代表性处方和非法药物的变化情况。
与 1999-2000 年相比，2009-2010 年药物使用率增加了 49%（PR=1.49；95%置信区间[CI]1.42,1.55）。广泛药物类别的最大增幅是麻醉剂（PR=2.73；95%CI2.41,3.08）、镇静剂（PR=2.01；95%CI1.80,2.25）和大麻素（PR=1.99；95%CI1.84,2.16）。氢可酮/羟考酮的 PR 为 6.37（95%CI5.07,8.02），美沙酮的 PR 为 4.29（95%CI2.88,6.37），苯二氮䓬类药物的 PR 为 2.27（95%CI2.00,2.58）。巴比妥类药物在 12 年期间的使用率下降（PR=0.53；95%CI0.37,0.75）。可卡因的使用率在 2005 年之前一直在上升，然后逐渐下降，但比率保持相对不变（PR=0.94；95%CI0.84,1.06）。
尽管越来越多的司机接受了药物检测并呈阳性，但有证据表明，在美国致命伤者中，非法药物向处方药物的转变可能正在发生。处方药物影响下的驾驶是一个日益严重的交通问题。
