Illes J
Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Brain Lang. 1989 Nov;37(4):628-42. doi: 10.1016/0093-934x(89)90116-8.
An analysis of the temporal (prospective) form (silent and filled hesitations, repetitions, incomplete phrases, context-related comments, interjections), syntactic form, and lexical (retrospective) form (verbal deviations, open and closed class phrases) of spontaneous language production of early and middle stage Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's patients was made. Results showed that the language structure was disrupted in each disease, but in different ways. Temporal interruptions of varying types were frequent in the language of Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease patients; only long-duration silent hesitations were frequent in Parkinson's language samples. Syntactic complexity was reduced in Huntington's Disease. Verbal paraphasias were found in both the language of Alzheimer's patients, as well as moderately advanced Huntington's patients. Closed class phrases were predominant in the language of Alzheimer's patients and Huntington's patients, and open class phrases in the language of Parkinson's patients. Taken together, the results suggest that (1) there is a unique neurolinguistic profile for spontaneous language production for each neurodegenerative disease, (2) pathology of the neostriatum disrupts syntactic organization, (3) adaptive strategies are used to cope with verbal and speech-motor difficulties, and (4) adaptive strategies fail to be effective with increasing disease severity.
对早期和中期阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿舞蹈症和帕金森病患者自发语言产生的时态（前瞻性）形式（无声和有声犹豫、重复、不完整短语、上下文相关评论、感叹词）、句法形式和词汇（回顾性）形式（言语偏差、开放类和封闭类短语）进行了分析。结果表明，每种疾病的语言结构均受到破坏，但方式不同。阿尔茨海默病和亨廷顿舞蹈症患者的语言中频繁出现不同类型的时态中断；帕金森病语言样本中仅长时间的无声犹豫较为频繁。亨廷顿舞蹈症患者的句法复杂性降低。在阿尔茨海默病患者以及中度晚期亨廷顿舞蹈症患者的语言中均发现了言语错语。封闭类短语在阿尔茨海默病患者和亨廷顿舞蹈症患者的语言中占主导地位，而开放类短语在帕金森病患者的语言中占主导地位。总体而言，结果表明：（1）每种神经退行性疾病的自发语言产生都有独特的神经语言学特征；（2）新纹状体病变会破坏句法组织；（3）采用了适应性策略来应对言语和言语运动困难；（4）随着疾病严重程度的增加，适应性策略失效。
