Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, 428 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA.
Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Jan 23;282:216-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.028. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
The photochemical degradation of five pharmaceuticals was examined in two secondary wastewater effluents. The compounds, which included atenolol, carbamazepine, meprobamate, phenytoin and primidone, were evaluated for both direct and sensitized photolysis. In the two wastewaters, direct photolysis did not lead to significant compound degradation; however, sensitized photolysis was an important removal pathway for the five pharmaceuticals. Upon solar irradiation, hydroxyl radical (HO) was quantified using the hydroxylation of benzene and singlet oxygen ((1)O2) formation was monitored following the degradation of furfuryl alcohol. Degradation via sensitized photolysis was observed following five-day exposures for atenolol (69-91%), carbamazepine (67-98%), meprobamate (16-52%), phenytoin (44-85%), and primidone (34-88%). Varying removal is likely a result of the differences in reactivity with transient oxidants. Averaged steady state HO concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 4.0×10(-16)M, whereas the concentrations of (1)O2 were 6.0-7.6×10(-14)M. Partial removal due to presence of HO indicates it was not the major sink for most compounds examined. Other transient oxidants, such as (1)O2 and triplet state effluent organic matter, are likely to play important roles in fates of these compounds.
五种药物在两种二级废水处理厂中的光化学降解情况进行了研究。这些化合物包括阿替洛尔、卡马西平、甲丙氨酯、苯妥英和扑米酮，它们都进行了直接光解和敏化光解评估。在这两种废水中，直接光解不会导致化合物的显著降解；然而，敏化光解是五种药物的重要去除途径。在太阳辐射下，使用苯的羟化来量化羟基自由基（HO），并在糠醇降解后监测单线态氧（(1)O2）的形成。阿替洛尔（69-91%）、卡马西平（67-98%）、甲丙氨酯（16-52%）、苯妥英（44-85%）和扑米酮（34-88%）在五天的暴露后观察到通过敏化光解进行了降解。去除率的差异可能是由于与瞬态氧化剂的反应性不同所致。平均稳态 HO 浓度范围为 1.2 到 4.0×10(-16)M，而 (1)O2 的浓度为 6.0-7.6×10(-14)M。由于 HO 的存在导致部分去除，表明它不是大多数研究化合物的主要汇。其他瞬态氧化剂，如 (1)O2 和三重态废水有机物质，可能在这些化合物的命运中发挥重要作用。
