Polevova Svetlana, Breygina Maria, Matveyeva Natalie, Yermakov Igor
Higher Plants Department, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, Moscow, Russia, 119234,
Protoplasma. 2014 Nov;251(6):1521-5. doi: 10.1007/s00709-014-0651-y. Epub 2014 May 7.
Essential trace elements Ni(2+) and Cu(2+) can block pollen germination without causing cell death. Mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Using TEM, we studied the effects of Ni(2+) or Cu(2+) treatment on the ultrastructure of the aperture regions in tobacco pollen preparing to germinate in vitro, since in these zones, the main fluxes of water, ions, and metabolites cross the plasmalemma. Neither Ni(2+) nor Cu(2+) altered the cytoplasm ultrastructure, but both affected the reorganization of apertural periplasm during pollen activation. Numerous multilamellar membranous structures continuous with the plasma membrane could be seen in hydrated but not yet activated pollen. When the normal activation was completed, the structures disappeared and the plasmalemma became smooth. In the presence of 1 mM Ni(2+) or 100 μM Cu(2+), these structures preserved its original appearance. It is assumed to be the storage form for the membrane material, which is to provide an initial phase of the pollen tube growth. Ni(2+) and Cu(2+) affect the utilization of these membranes, thereby, blocking the pollen germination.
必需微量元素Ni(2+)和Cu(2+)可阻止花粉萌发而不导致细胞死亡。这种效应的机制尚不清楚。我们使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了Ni(2+)或Cu(2+)处理对体外准备萌发的烟草花粉孔区超微结构的影响,因为在这些区域,水、离子和代谢物的主要通量穿过质膜。Ni(2+)和Cu(2+)均未改变细胞质超微结构,但二者都影响了花粉活化过程中孔周质的重组。在水合但尚未活化的花粉中,可以看到许多与质膜连续的多层膜状结构。当正常活化完成时,这些结构消失,质膜变得光滑。在1 mM Ni(2+)或100 μM Cu(2+)存在的情况下,这些结构保持其原始外观。推测其为膜材料的储存形式,用于为花粉管生长提供初始阶段。Ni(2+)和Cu(2+)影响这些膜的利用,从而阻止花粉萌发。