Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Can J Microbiol. 2014 May;60(5):332-42. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0134.
Phytopathogenic fungi are known for producing an arsenal of extracellular enzymes whose involvement in the infection mechanism has been suggested. However, these enzymes are largely unknown and their biotechnological potential also remains poorly understood. In this study, the production and thermostability of extracellular enzymes produced by phytopathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae was investigated. Hydrolytic and oxidative activities were detected and quantified at different temperatures. Most strains (70%; 37/53) were able to produce simultaneously cellulases, laccases, xylanases, pectinases, pectin lyases, amylases, lipases, and proteases. Surprisingly for mesophilic filamentous fungi, several enzymes proved to be thermostable: cellulases from Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CAA 001 and from Dothiorella prunicola CBS 124723, lipases from Diplodia pinea (CAA 015 and CBS 109726), and proteases from Melanops tulasnei CBS 116806 were more active at 70 °C than at any of the other temperatures tested. In addition, lipases produced by Diplodia pinea were found to be significantly more active than any other known lipase from Botryosphaeriales. The thermal activity profile and the wide array of activities secreted by these fungi make them optimal producers of biotechnologically relevant enzymes that may be applied in the food and the health industries (proteases), the pulp-and-paper and biofuel industries (cellulases), or even in the detergent industry (lipases, proteases, amylases, and cellulases).
植物病原真菌以产生大量细胞外酶而闻名，这些酶被认为参与了感染机制。然而，这些酶在很大程度上尚未被了解，其生物技术潜力也知之甚少。在这项研究中，研究了植物病原隔孢腔菌科产生的细胞外酶的生产和热稳定性。在不同温度下检测和量化了水解和氧化活性。大多数菌株（70%；37/53）能够同时产生纤维素酶、漆酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶、果胶裂解酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶。对于嗜温丝状真菌来说，令人惊讶的是，几种酶被证明具有热稳定性：来自 Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CAA 001 和 Dothiorella prunicola CBS 124723 的纤维素酶、来自 Diplodia pinea 的脂肪酶（CAA 015 和 CBS 109726）以及来自 Melanops tulasnei CBS 116806 的蛋白酶在 70°C 时比在任何其他测试温度下都更活跃。此外，发现来自 Diplodia pinea 的脂肪酶比任何其他已知的 Botryosphaeriales 脂肪酶都更活跃。这些真菌分泌的热活性谱和广泛的活性使它们成为生物技术相关酶的最佳生产者，这些酶可应用于食品和健康行业（蛋白酶）、纸浆和造纸以及生物燃料行业（纤维素酶），甚至在洗涤剂行业（脂肪酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶）。
