蓬勃发展的时机：成年期时间观与幸福感和智慧的关系。
Time to flourish: the relationship of temporal perspective to well-being and wisdom across adulthood.
作者信息
Webster Jeffrey Dean, Bohlmeijer Ernst T, Westerhof Gerben J
机构信息
a Psychology Department , Langara College , Vancouver , Canada.
出版信息
Aging Ment Health. 2014;18(8):1046-56. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.908458. Epub 2014 May 7.
OBJECTIVES
Despite the centrality of time to the aging process, the well-being consequences of different temporal orientations for optimal aging are poorly understood. We investigate one underexamined area of temporal orientation, namely a balanced time perspective, in a large, lifespan sample from the Netherlands.
METHOD
Participants consisted of 512 Dutch adults ranging in age from 17 to 92 years (Mage = 46.46, SD = 21.37), including 186 male and 326 females. Participants completed a measure of balanced time perspective, mental health, and wisdom.
RESULTS
RESULTS indicated that a balanced time perspective uniquely predicted both mental health and wisdom even after controlling for demographic, physical health, and personality variables. Younger adults tended to be more future-oriented relative to older adults while older adults tended to be more past-oriented relative to younger adults. Further, both midlife and younger adults were more likely to have a balanced time perspective relative to older adults.
CONCLUSION
A balanced time perspective is associated with higher well-being and wisdom across the adult age span.
目标
尽管时间在衰老过程中处于核心地位，但对于最佳衰老而言，不同时间取向所带来的幸福后果却鲜为人知。我们在一个来自荷兰的大规模全生命周期样本中，研究了时间取向中一个未被充分研究的领域，即平衡的时间观。
方法
参与者为512名荷兰成年人，年龄在17岁至92岁之间（平均年龄 = 46.46，标准差 = 21.37），其中包括186名男性和326名女性。参与者完成了一项关于平衡时间观、心理健康和智慧的测量。
结果
结果表明，即使在控制了人口统计学、身体健康和个性变量之后，平衡的时间观仍能独特地预测心理健康和智慧。与老年人相比，年轻人往往更关注未来，而与年轻人相比，老年人往往更关注过去。此外，与老年人相比，中年人和年轻人更有可能拥有平衡的时间观。
结论
在整个成年期，平衡的时间观与更高的幸福感和智慧相关。
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