Xiong Mimi, Wang Fengyan
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Institute of Moral Education Research, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 26;12:725736. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725736. eCollection 2021.
Gender differences in wisdom are an important theme in mythology, philosophy, psychology, and daily life. Based on the existing psychological research, consensus and dispute exist between the two genders on the views of wisdom and in the levels of wisdom. In terms of the views of wisdom, the way men and women view wisdom is highly similar, and from the perspectives of both ordinary people and professional researchers of wisdom psychology, wise men and women are extremely similar. Regarding wisdom level, research has revealed that, although significant gender effects exist in the level of overall wisdom, reflective and affective dimension, and interpersonal conflict coping styles, the effect sizes were small, which indicated that these gender differences were not obvious. It would be desirable for future research to combine multiple wisdom measurements, strengthen research on the psychological gender effect of wisdom, and focus on the moderating role of age on the relationship between wisdom and gender.
智慧方面的性别差异是神话、哲学、心理学及日常生活中的一个重要主题。基于现有的心理学研究，两性在智慧观和智慧水平上既有共识也存在争议。在智慧观方面，男性和女性看待智慧的方式高度相似，而且从普通人和智慧心理学专业研究者的角度来看，智慧的男性和女性极为相似。关于智慧水平，研究表明，尽管在整体智慧水平、反思与情感维度以及人际冲突应对方式上存在显著的性别效应，但效应量较小，这表明这些性别差异并不明显。未来的研究宜结合多种智慧测量方法，加强对智慧心理性别效应的研究，并关注年龄在智慧与性别关系中的调节作用。
