Minks Eduard, Jurák Pavel, Chládek Jan, Chrastina Jan, Halámek Josef, Shaw Daniel J, Bareš Martin
First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic,
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2014 Dec;121(12):1507-22. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1221-3. Epub 2014 May 9.
An infrequent change to an otherwise repetitive sequence of stimuli leads to the generation of mismatch negativity (MMN), even in the absence of attention. This evoked negative response occurs in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) over the temporal and frontal cortices, 100-250 ms after onset of the deviant stimulus. The MMN is used to detect sensory information processing. The aim of our study was to investigate whether MMN can be recorded in the subthalamic nuclei (STN) as evidence of auditory information processing on an unconscious level within this structure. To our knowledge, MMN has never been recorded in the human STN. We recorded intracerebral EEG using a MMN paradigm in five patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were implanted with depth electrodes in the subthalamic nuclei (STN). We found far-field MMN when intracerebral contacts were connected to an extracranial reference electrode. In all five PD patients (and nine of ten intracerebral electrodes), we also found near-field MMN-like potentials when intracerebral contacts were referenced to one another, and in some electrodes, we observed phase reversals in these potentials. The mean time-to-peak latency of the intracerebral MMN-like potentials was 214 ± 38 ms (median 219 ms). We reveal MMN-like potentials in bilateral STN. This finding provides evidence that STN receives sensory (auditory) information from other structures. The question for further research is whether STN receives such signals through a previously described hyperdirect pathway between STN and frontal cortex (a known generator of the MMN potential) and if the STN contributes to sensorimotor integration.
即使在没有注意力的情况下，对原本重复的刺激序列进行不频繁的改变也会导致失匹配负波（MMN）的产生。这种诱发的负向反应出现在颞叶和额叶皮质上方头皮记录的脑电图（EEG）中，在偏差刺激开始后100 - 250毫秒。MMN用于检测感觉信息处理。我们研究的目的是调查是否能在丘脑底核（STN）中记录到MMN，以此作为该结构内无意识水平听觉信息处理的证据。据我们所知，从未在人类STN中记录到MMN。我们使用MMN范式对5例植入丘脑底核深度电极的帕金森病（PD）患者进行了脑内EEG记录。当脑内电极与颅外参考电极连接时，我们发现了远场MMN。在所有5例PD患者（以及10个脑内电极中的9个）中，当脑内电极相互参考时，我们还发现了类似近场MMN的电位，并且在一些电极中，我们观察到了这些电位的相位反转。脑内类似MMN电位的平均峰潜伏期为214±38毫秒（中位数219毫秒）。我们在双侧STN中发现了类似MMN的电位。这一发现提供了证据，表明STN从其他结构接收感觉（听觉）信息。进一步研究的问题是，STN是否通过之前描述的STN与额叶皮质之间的超直接通路（MMN电位的已知产生部位）接收此类信号，以及STN是否有助于感觉运动整合。
