Leckie Regina L, Manuck Stephen B, Bhattacharjee Neha, Muldoon Matthew F, Flory Janine M, Erickson Kirk I
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210S. Bouquet St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210S. Bouquet St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2014 Jul;59:103-11. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 May 9.
Greater amounts of physical activity (PA) and omega-3 fatty acids have both been independently associated with better cognitive performance. Because of the overlapping biological effects of omega-3 fatty acids and PA, fatty acid intake may modify the effects of PA on neurocognitive function. The present study tested this hypothesis by examining whether the ratio of serum omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid levels would moderate the association between PA and executive and memory functions in 344 participants (Mean age=44.42 years, SD=6.72). The Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), serum fatty acid levels, and performance on a standard neuropsychological battery were acquired on all subjects. A principal component analysis reduced the number of cognitive outcomes to three factors: n-back working memory, Trail Making test, and Logical Memory. We found a significant interaction between PA and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid serum levels on Trail Making performance and n-back performance, such that higher amounts of omega-3 levels offset the deleterious effects of lower amounts of PA. These effects remained significant in a subsample (n=299) controlling for overall dietary fat consumption. There were no significant additive or multiplicative benefits of higher amounts of both omega-3 and PA on cognitive performance. Our results demonstrate that a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids might mitigate the effect of lower levels of PA on cognitive performance. This study illuminates the importance of understanding dietary and PA factors in tandem when exploring their effects on neurocognitive health.
更多的体育活动（PA）和ω-3脂肪酸都分别与更好的认知表现相关。由于ω-3脂肪酸和体育活动具有重叠的生物学效应，脂肪酸摄入量可能会改变体育活动对神经认知功能的影响。本研究通过检测血清ω-6与ω-3脂肪酸水平之比是否会调节344名参与者（平均年龄=44.42岁，标准差=6.72）的体育活动与执行功能和记忆功能之间的关联，对这一假设进行了检验。对所有受试者进行了帕芬巴格体育活动问卷（PPAQ）、血清脂肪酸水平检测以及标准神经心理测验。主成分分析将认知结果的数量减少为三个因素：n-回溯工作记忆、连线测验和逻辑记忆。我们发现，体育活动与ω-6与ω-3脂肪酸血清水平之比在连线测验表现和n-回溯表现上存在显著交互作用，即较高的ω-3水平抵消了较低体育活动量的有害影响。在控制了总体膳食脂肪摄入量的子样本（n=299）中，这些效应仍然显著。较高的ω-3和体育活动量对认知表现没有显著的相加或相乘益处。我们的结果表明，富含ω-3脂肪酸的饮食可能会减轻较低体育活动量对认知表现的影响。这项研究阐明了在探索饮食和体育活动因素对神经认知健康的影响时，同时理解这两个因素的重要性。
