来自纽形动物（Nemertea）拟头状纽虫（Cephalothrix simula，岩田，1952）的产河豚毒素芽孢杆菌属细菌

Tetrodotoxin-producing Bacillus sp. from the ribbon worm (Nemertea) Cephalothrix simula (Iwata, 1952).

作者信息

Magarlamov Timur Yu, Beleneva Irina A, Chernyshev Alexey V, Kuhlevsky Andrey D

机构信息

A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.

出版信息

Toxicon. 2014 Jul;85:46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.04.015. Epub 2014 May 9.

DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.04.015

PMID:24813332

Abstract

Specimens of the toxic ribbon worm Cephalothrix simula from the Sea of Japan were screened for tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria. A single TTX-producing bacterial strain (No 1839) was isolated from tissues of C. simula and studied by immunohistochemical methods (including immunoelectron and immunofluorescent microscopies) with anti-TTX antibodies. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of the strain 1839 showed that it is most likely Bacillus sp. CU040510-015 and Bacillus asahii. Based on its morphological and biochemical properties, however we suppose that the isolated Bacillus sp. 1839 should be classified as representing a new species. Microdistribution of TTX in bacterial cell was investigated under electron microscope by immunoenzymatic methods. TTX was concentrated in the forespore and free spores, but it was not detected in the vegetative cells of Bacillus sp. 1839. We suggest that release of free mature spores from sporangium of Bacillus sp. 1839 leads to appearance of toxin in tissues of C. simula. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) method with anti-TTX antibodies can be recommended for preliminary detection of apparent TTX accumulation.

摘要

对来自日本海的有毒带状蠕虫拟态头带虫（Cephalothrix simula）的样本进行了产河豚毒素细菌的筛选。从拟态头带虫的组织中分离出一株产河豚毒素的细菌菌株（编号1839），并用抗河豚毒素抗体通过免疫组织化学方法（包括免疫电子显微镜和免疫荧光显微镜）进行研究。对菌株1839的16S rRNA基因进行测序表明，它很可能是芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）CU040510 - 015和浅井芽孢杆菌（Bacillus asahii）。然而，基于其形态和生化特性，我们认为分离出的芽孢杆菌属1839应被归类为代表一个新物种。通过免疫酶法在电子显微镜下研究了河豚毒素在细菌细胞中的微观分布。河豚毒素集中在前芽孢和游离孢子中，但在芽孢杆菌属1839的营养细胞中未检测到。我们认为，芽孢杆菌属1839的孢子囊释放游离成熟孢子会导致拟态头带虫组织中出现毒素。可推荐使用抗河豚毒素抗体的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）方法对明显的河豚毒素积累进行初步检测。