Santi Giampaolo, Bruton Adam, Pietrantoni Luca, Mellalieu Stephen
a Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(8):852-60. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.915990. Epub 2014 May 15.
This study investigated how coach and teammates influence masters athletes' sport commitment, and the effect of functional and obligatory commitments on participation in masters swimming. The sample consisted of 523 masters swimmers (330 males and 193 females) aged between 22 and 83 years (M = 39.00, SD = 10.42). A bi-dimensional commitment scale was used to measure commitment dimensions and perceived influence from social agents. Structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of social agents on functional and obligatory commitments, and the predictive capabilities of the two types of commitment towards sport participation. Support provided by coach and teammates increased functional commitment, constraints from these social agents determined higher obligatory commitment, and coach constraints negatively impacted functional commitment. In addition, both commitment types predicted training participation, with functional commitment increasing participation in team training sessions, and obligatory commitment increasing the hours of individual training. The findings suggest that in order to increase participation in masters swimming teams and reduce non-supervised training, coach and teammates should exhibit a supportive attitude and avoid over expectation.
本研究调查了教练和队友如何影响成年运动员的运动承诺，以及功能性承诺和义务性承诺对成年游泳运动员参与度的影响。样本包括523名年龄在22岁至83岁之间（M = 39.00，SD = 10.42）的成年游泳运动员（330名男性和193名女性）。使用二维承诺量表来测量承诺维度以及来自社会因素的感知影响。进行了结构方程模型分析，以评估社会因素对功能性承诺和义务性承诺的影响，以及这两种承诺类型对运动参与的预测能力。教练和队友提供的支持增加了功能性承诺，这些社会因素的限制导致了更高的义务性承诺，并且教练的限制对功能性承诺产生了负面影响。此外，两种承诺类型都预测了训练参与度，功能性承诺增加了团队训练课程的参与度，而义务性承诺增加了个人训练的时长。研究结果表明，为了提高成年游泳队的参与度并减少无监督训练，教练和队友应表现出支持的态度并避免过高期望。
