Marinho Daniel A, Barbosa Tiago M, Lopes Vitor P, Forte Pedro, Toubekis Argyris G, Morais Jorge E
Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2020 Aug 11;11:1968. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01968. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the coaches' demographics (academic degree and/or coaching level and/or coaching experience) and young swimmers' performance and technical ability. The sample was composed by 151 young swimmers (75 boys and 76 girls: 13.02 ± 1.19 years old, 49.97 ± 8.77 kg of body mass, 1.60 ± 0.08 m of height, 1.66 ± 0.09 m of arm span), from seven different clubs. Seven coaches (one per club) were responsible for the training monitoring. Performance and a set of biomechanical variables related to swim technique and efficiency were assessed. The swimmers' performance was enhanced according to the increase in the coaches' academic degree (1: 75.51 ± 10.02 s; 2: 74.55 ± 9.56 s; 3: 73.62 ± 7.64 s), coaching level (1: 76.79 ± 11.27 s; 2: 75.06 ± 9.31 s; 3: 73.65 ± 8.43 s), and training experience (≤5-y training experience: 75.44 ± 9.57 s; >5-y training experience: 74.60 ± 9.54 s). Hierarchical linear modeling retained all coaches' demographics characteristics as main predictors (being the academic degree the highest: estimate = -1.51, 95% confidence interval = -0.94 to -2.08, = 0.014). Hence, it seems that an increase in the demographics of the coaches appears to provide them with a training perspective more directed to the efficiency of swimming. This also led to a higher performance enhancement.
本研究的目的是了解教练的人口统计学特征（学术学位和/或教练级别和/或教练经验）与年轻游泳运动员的成绩和技术能力之间的关系。样本由来自七个不同俱乐部的151名年轻游泳运动员组成（75名男孩和76名女孩：年龄13.02±1.19岁，体重49.97±8.77千克，身高1.60±0.08米，臂展1.66±0.09米）。七位教练（每个俱乐部一位）负责训练监测。评估了成绩以及与游泳技术和效率相关的一组生物力学变量。随着教练学术学位的提高（1：75.51±10.02秒；2：74.55±9.56秒；3：73.62±7.64秒）、教练级别提高（1：76.79±11.27秒；2：75.06±9.31秒；3：73.65±8.43秒）以及训练经验增加（训练经验≤5年：75.44±9.57秒；训练经验>5年：74.60±9.54秒），游泳运动员的成绩得到了提高。分层线性模型将所有教练的人口统计学特征保留为主要预测因素（学术学位的影响最大：估计值=-1.51，95%置信区间=-0.94至-2.08，P=0.014）。因此，教练人口统计学特征的增加似乎为他们提供了更注重游泳效率的训练视角。这也带来了更高的成绩提升。
